文本视阈下马克思人与自然关系思想研究——对绿色发展理念的理论和现实观照

Study on the Marx’s Thought of the Relationship between Man and Nature:Guidance to the concept of green development

马克思人与自然关系思想基于科学的世界观和方法论,强调自然对人的主体作用和人对自然的能动性及主客体统一,反对无限制攫取自然资源的资本主义形式的人类中心论,批判了资本主义生产方式对工人劳动天性的压迫,揭示了资本逻辑使自然全面资本化、异化的事实,表达了对无产阶级生存状况的同情,具有鲜明的政治立场和人民立场,并对“人道主义、自然主义、共产主义相统一”的理想社会形态进行了合理预设。马克思人与自然关系思想对新时代践行绿色发展理念具有重要指导意义:从理论角度出发,通过强调“绿水青山就是金山银山”,绿色发展理念坚持了马克思人与自然关系思想的“自然先在理论”;通过促进经济理性与生态理性相统一,绿色发展理念坚持了马克思人与自然关系思想的“辩证统一理论”;从实践角度出发,通过发展“资源节约型”的循环经济,绿色发展理念坚持了马克思人与自然关系思想的“物质变换理论”;通过创新绿色生产的新发展模式,绿色发展理念坚持了马克思人与自然关系思想的“劳动中介理论”;通过倡导低碳、绿色的新生活方式,绿色发展理念坚持了马克思人与自然关系思想的“价值矛盾理论”;从价值角度出发,通过彰显绿色发展的人民价值旨归,绿色发展理念坚持了马克思人与自然关系思想的“人民主体理论”。

Marx’s thought of the relationship between man and nature is based on the scientific world outlook and methodology,emphasizes the subjectivity of nature and the initiative of man to nature and the unity of subject and object,opposes the capitalist form of human centralism,criticizes the oppression of labor nature by capitalist mode of production,reveals the fact that capital logic makes nature fully capitalized and alienated,expresses sympathy for the living conditions of the proletariat,has distinct political and people’s stand,and reasonably presupposes the ideal social form of“unity of humanitarianism,naturalism and communism”.Marx’s thought of the relationship between man and nature is of great significance to the practice of the concept of green development in the new era:from the theoretical point of view,by emphasizing that“lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”,The concept of green development adheres to Marx’s thought of“natural first theory”;By promoting the unity of economic rationality and ecological rationality,the concept of green development adheres to Marx’s“dialectical unity theory”of the relationship between man and nature;from a practical point of view,through the development of“resource-conserving”circular economy,the concept of green development adheres to Marx’s“material transformation theory”of the relationship between man and nature;by strengthening the innovative development model of green production,the concept of green development adheres to Marx’s“labor intermediary theory”of the relationship between man and nature;by advocating a new way of life with low carbon and green,the concept of green development adheres to Marx’s“value contradiction theory”of the relationship between man and nature;From the value point of view,the concept of green development adheres to Marx’s thought of“people’s subject theory”.