江西共青城南湖湿地自然保护区维管植物区系分析

Floristic analysis on vascular plants from the Nanhu Wetland Nature Reserve in Gongqing City,Jiangxi Province

共青城南湖自然保护区位于江西省九江市共青城东南部,是鄱阳湖的重要组成部分。对南湖保护区范围内湿地维管植物进行了样带调查,研究表明:①区内湿地维管植物共87科247属418种,其中蕨类植物9科10属10种,被子植物78科237属408种(包括双子叶植物61科173属287种,单子叶植物17科64属121种)。大科主要有菊科(44种)、禾本科(43种)、莎草科(28种)和蓼科(25种),这些科的植物也是保护区内湿地植被的主要优势种或建群种。②科的分布型以世界广布(43科)和泛热带分布(18科)为主;属的区系分布类型以泛热带分布(59属)和世界广布(55属)为主,且热带性与温带性分布的比值R/T值为1.26,热带分布型稍占优势,呈现由热带向温带过渡的特点。③保护区内外来入侵植物较多,有26种,其中野胡萝卜、野老鹳草、喜旱莲子草、裸柱菊的危害最为严重,一定程度上影响了湿地植物的多样性。近年来,加拿大一枝黄花和假高粱等外来植物扩张明显,应加强监控和管理。

The Nanhu Wetland Nature Reserve is located in the southeast of Gongqing City,Jiangxi Province.It is an important part of Poyang Lake.In this study,the wetland vascular plants in this reserve area were investigated.The results show that:①there are 418 species belonging to 247 genera and 87 families in the reserve.Among them,they include 10 pteridophytes species in 10 genera and 9 families and 408 species of angiosperms from 237 genera and 78 families(including 287 species of dicotyledons belonging to 173 genera and 61 families and 121 species of monocotyledons belonging to 64 genera and 17 families).The preponderant families include Compositae(44 species),Gramineae(43 species),Cyperaceae(28 species)and Polygonaceae(25 species).They play an important role in the wetland communities.And the main constructive or dominant species of the communities are from these families.②At family level,the dominant distribution types are the world wide(43 families)and the pan tropical distribution(18 families);while at genus level,the dominant distribution types are the pan tropical(59 genera)and the world wide distribution(55 genera).The ratio value of the tropical distribution and the temperate distribution(R/T)is 1.26,which indicates that the tropical distribution is slightly dominant,showing a transitional characteristics form tropic to temperate of this region.③There are 26 species alienor invasive plants in the reserve,among which Daucus carota L.,Geranium carolinianum L.,Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb.and Soliva anthemifolia(Juss.)R.Br.are the most serious.In recent years,the invasive plants,especially Sorghum halepenses(L.)Pers.And Solidago canadensis L.,have expanded significantly in the reserve area.Hance,it is necessary to strengthen the Surveillance and control of the invasive species in this area.