上海市浦东新区中老年人体重指数与抑郁症状的关联分析

Association between body mass index and depression symptom of middle-aged and elderly people in Pudong New Area of Shanghai,China

目的调查上海市浦东新区中老年人群中体重指数(body mass index,BMI)与抑郁症状现况,探究其可能的关联,为社区心理健康促进提供建议。方法采用2019年“上海市浦东新区健康城市建设评估项目”数据,该项目采用配额抽样的方法,共调查6000名浦东新区常住居民。本次研究共纳入40岁以上中老年人2823例,调查内容包括研究对象的基本情况、生活方式、主观幸福感和抑郁症状等。应用个人幸福指数量表(Personal Well-being Index,PWI)评估主观幸福感,PHQ-9量表评估抑郁症状。根据BMI将对象分为正常、超重及肥胖3组。运用单因素χ^(2)检验比较不同特征组间抑郁症状现患率的差异;应用Logistic回归分析BMI与抑郁症状的关联。结果调查的2823例中老年人中超重者占38.5%,肥胖者占6.7%,抑郁症状现患率为46.5%;其中BMI正常组、超重组及肥胖组的抑郁症状现患率为44.7%、47.4%及56.1%。控制社会人口学因素、自评经济状况、自评健康状况和主观幸福感、生活方式等因素后发现,在男性中老年人中,与BMI正常组相比,超重组(OR=1.342,95%CI:1.053~1.710)和肥胖组(OR=1.960,95%CI:1.208~3.179)出现抑郁症状的风险均高于正常组(P<0.05);在女性中老年人中,超重和肥胖与抑郁症状的关联均无统计学意义。结论BMI与中老年居民的抑郁症状相关,超重和肥胖可能是浦东新区40岁以上中老年男性抑郁的危险因素,在社区抑郁症状干预中需要优先关注中老年男性超重与肥胖人群。

Objective To surrey the body mass index(BMI)and depression symptom among the middle-aged and elderly population in Pudong New Area of Shanghai,China,and to explore their association,so as to provide suggestions for the mental health promotion in communities.Methods We utilized the data of the“Shanghai Pudong New Area Healthy City Evaluation Project”in 2019,which adopted a quota sampling method to survey a total of 6000 Pudong New Area permanent residents.A total of 2823 cases of middle-aged and elderly people over 40 years old were included in this study.The survey included the subject’s basic information,lifestyle,subjective well-being and depression symptom,etc.The Personal Well-being Index(PWI)Scale was used to evaluate subjective well-being,and PHQ-9 was used to evaluate depression symptom.The subjects were divided into normal,overweight and obese groups according to their BMI.A One-Wayχ^(2)test was used to compare the difference in the prevalence of depression symptom between different characteristic groups;Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between BMI and depression symptom.Results In all the 2823 subjects,there were 38.5%of overweight and 6.7%of obese.The prevalence of depression symptom in middle-aged and elderly people was 46.5%.The prevalence of depression symptom was 44.7%in normal BMI group,47.4%in overweight group,and 56.1%in obese group.After controlling for sociodemographic factors,self-rated economic status,self-rated health status,subjective well-being and lifestyle,it was found that in the male population,compared with normal group,overweight group(OR=1.342,95%CI:1.053-1.710)and obese group(OR=1.960,95%CI:1.208-3.179)had a higher risk of depression symptom(P<0.05);while the association between overweight,obese and depression symptom was not statistically significant(all P>0.05)in the female population.Conclusion BMI is associated with depression symptom among middle-aged and elderly residents.Overweight and obese may be a risk factor for middle-aged and elderly men(over 40 years old)in Pudong New Area,but this association does not exist in middle-aged and elderly women.We need pay more attention to the male who were overweight or obese in intervention of depression symptom.