海拔对陇南市油橄榄开花结实的影响

Effect of altitude on flowering and fruiting of olive in Longnan city

【目的】以陇南市武都区油橄榄为研究对象,研究了不同海拔(1093 m,1136 m,1175 m和1213 m)对油橄榄开花结实的影响,为油橄榄在陇南地区的增产与引种提供理论依据。【方法】选取当地3个主栽品种(‘莱星’‘皮削利’‘佛奥’),测定油橄榄植株成花生理指标和果实发育指标。测定的成花生理指标包括叶芽数、花芽数、单枝单位长度花芽数、花序长度及每花序平均花朵数;调查的果实发育指标有坐果率、单果平均鲜重、单株果实总产量和果实体积。【结果】试验区油橄榄花芽数、花芽分化率和每花序平均花朵数随着海拔升高先升高后降低,均在1175 m达到最大值;与最低海拔1093 m相比,油橄榄单枝单位长度花芽数在最高海拔1213 m达到最小值;品种‘莱星’和‘佛奥’的花序长度均在1175 m为最大,‘皮削利’的花序长度在1136 m为最大。油橄榄果实坐果率、单果平均鲜果重及单株果实总产量均随着海拔升高也呈先上升后下降的趋势,在1175 m达到最大;油橄榄果实外形变化不明显,‘莱星’‘佛奥’果实体积在1175 m达到最大,‘皮削利’果实体积在1213 m最大。【结论】海拔是影响油橄榄成花及果实发育的一个重要因素,在陇南市武都区白龙江河谷地带种植油橄榄,以1175 m油橄榄开花结实较好。

【Objective】To provide a theoretical support for olive production and introduction,the olive planted in four different altitudes(1093 m,1136 m,1175 m and 1213 m)in Wudu District of Longnan city was used as the research material,and the effect of altitude on olive flowering and fruiting was studied.【Method】Three main cultivars of olive(‘Leccion’,‘Picholine’and‘Frantoio’)were selected to determine the floral physiology and fruit development indexes.The physiological indexes of flower formation were leaf bud number,flower bud number,flower buds number per length of single branch,inflorescence length and average flower number per inflorescence.The fruit development indexes were fruit setting rate,average fresh mass of single fruit,total fruit volume.【Result】Flower buds number,flower bud differentiation rate and the number of flowers per inflorescence increased first and then decreased with the increasing of the altitude,and the maximum value was at 1175 m.Compared with the lowest altitude of 1093 m,the number of flower buds per length of single branch reached the minimum at the highest altitude of 1213 m.The inflorescence length of the varieties‘Leccion’and‘Frantoio’was the largest at 1175 m and the inflorescence length of‘Picholine’was the largest at 1136 m.The fruit setting rate,average single fresh fruit mass and total fruit yield per plant also increased first and then decreased with the increasing of the altitude,which reached the maximum value at 1175 m;the change of olive fruit shape was not significant,and the fruit volume of‘Leccion’and‘Frantoio’reached the maximum value at 1175 m,and that of‘Picholine’was the largest at 1213 m.【Conclusion】Altitude is an important factor affecting olive flower formation and fruit development,and the floral and fruiting manifestation of olive are the best at 1175 m in Bailong River valley in Wudu District,Longnan city.