抹芽和花前摘心对河西走廊酿酒葡萄果实品质、产量及枝条的影响

Effects of bud removing and pinching before blooming on fruit quality,yield and branches of wine grape in Hexi Corridor

【目的】探讨3种酿酒葡萄进行夏季修剪处理对树体生长和果实品质的影响,为河西走廊酿酒葡萄的夏季栽培管理提供参考依据。【方法】以5年生酿酒葡萄‘贵人香’‘霞多丽’和‘蛇龙珠’为研究对象,于2019年在甘肃省张掖市高台县酿酒葡萄基地开展田间试验,设置抹芽、抹芽+摘心处理,以常规田间管理为对照,测定果实品质、产量及枝条生长等指标。【结果】抹芽和抹芽+摘心处理均能不同程度的改善‘贵人香’‘霞多丽’和‘蛇龙珠’的果实生长。抹芽和抹芽+摘心组合处理均显著提高了3种酿酒葡萄果实的单穗质量和可溶性固形物,其中抹芽+摘心处理组的可溶性固形物为最高,‘贵人香’‘霞多丽’和‘蛇龙珠’较对照分别提高了9.41%、4.71%、2.73%。3种酿酒葡萄果实的总糖含量各处理组间无显著性差异,均在148.08~149.90 mg/g之间;抹芽处理显著提高了‘蛇龙珠’果实的总酚含量(2.54 mg/g);抹芽和抹芽+摘心处理后,‘贵人香’和‘霞多丽’果实的单宁含量较对照升高。抹芽和抹芽+摘心处理均不同程度的提高了3种酿酒葡萄果实的产量。抹芽和抹芽+摘心处理均提高了3种酿酒葡萄枝条的年生长量、第4节长度、第4节枝条粗度、第4节髓心直径。【结论】结合主成分分析法,为进一步提高河西走廊酿酒葡萄原料品质、产量及树体生长势,‘贵人香’芽期抹芽,‘霞多丽’和‘蛇龙珠’芽期抹芽+花前摘心的处理效果最佳。

【Objective】The effects of summer pruning on tree growth and fruit quality of three wine grapes were studied to provide reference for summer cultivation and management in Hexi corridor.【Method】The five-year-old wine grapes‘Italian Riesling’,‘Chardonnay’and‘Cabernet Sauvignon’were used as research objects.The field experiments were carried out in wine grape base of Gaotai county,Zhangye city,Gansu province in 2019.The fruit quality,yield and branch growth were determined under different treatments including bud removing,bud removing+pinching,and the conventional field management used as control.【Result】The fruit growth of‘Italian Riesling’,‘Chardonnay’and‘Cabernet Sauvignon’could be improved in different degrees by the treatments of‘bud removing’and‘bud removing+pinching’.The ear mass and soluble solids of three wine grapes were significantly increased by the treatments of‘bud removing’and‘bud removing+pinching’.The soluble solids of‘Italian Riesling’,‘Chardonnay’and‘Cabernet Sauvignon’increase by 9.41%,4.71%and 2.73%respectively compared with control.There was no significant difference in the total sugar content among treatments for three wine grape,which ranged from 148.08 mg/g to 149.90 mg/g.The total phenolics content(2.54 mg/g)in the fruits of‘Cabernet Sauvignon’was significantly increased by the treatment of bud removing;the tannin content of‘Italian Riesling’and‘Chardonnay’fruit treated by‘bud removing’and‘bud removing+pinching’was higher than that of the control.The fruit yield of three wine grapes was increased in different degrees treated by‘bud removing’and‘bud removing+pinching’.The annual increment,forth internode length,forth internode diameter,pith diameter of the forth internode of three wine grapes increased treated by‘bud removing’and‘bud removing+pinching’.【Conclusion】Combined with principal component analysis(PCA),in order to further improve the fruit quality,yield and tree growth of wine grapes in Hexi Corridor,the bud removing treatment during bud period of‘Italian Riesling’,and bud removing during bud period+pinching before blossom period of‘Chardonnay’and‘Cabernet Sauvignon’are the best measures.