长沙地区18个桃花品种的观赏性评价

Investigation and comprehensive evaluation on ornamental characters of flowering peach cultivars in Changsha

【目的】研究观赏桃在湖南省长沙地区的观赏特性及其价值,为长沙地区引种栽培桃花提供科学依据。【方法】调查了湖南省森林植物园桃花园中18个观赏桃品种的花期物候期及其花色、花量、花瓣数、花冠直径(盛开时花朵自然张开的直径)、雄蕊、雌蕊、萼片数等观赏性指标,采用层次分析法对相关观赏性指标进行赋分评价。【结果】18个观赏桃品种的花色丰富,其花色有红色、粉色、白色、白粉相间和红粉相间等;在18个观赏桃品种中,‘北京紫’的观赏期最早,其于2月底便进入初花期,而‘红碧桃’的观赏期最晚,其于3月20日才进入初花期,两者前后相差20余d;‘瑞红’的花期最短,只有15 d,而‘元春’的花期最长,为25 d,整个园内桃花的观赏期接近40 d;‘人面桃’的花量最大,在长为50 cm的花枝上着生的花朵数量平均为34.8朵,而‘瑞红’的最少,全株仅有25朵花;‘迎春桃’的花冠直径最大,平均为52.5 mm;‘红碧桃’的花瓣数最多,平均为66枚;‘晚白’的雄蕊数最多,平均为53.1枚;‘人面桃’的雌蕊数最多,平均达到3.03枚;‘红碧桃’的萼片数最高,平均为11.37片。综合评价得分中,‘人面桃’‘元春’‘粉红女孩’‘红碧桃’排名前四,其得分分别为42、42、40和40分,其表现均优;而‘北京紫’‘照手桃’‘瑞红’的得分分别为29、28和26分,其表现均较差。【结论】‘人面桃桃’‘元春’‘粉红女孩’‘满天红’等16个品种在湖南省长沙地区均具较高的观赏性和适应性,可进一步利用;而‘瑞红’和‘绯桃’的表现均较差,在湖南省长沙地区造景造园时应慎用这两个品种。

【Objective】In order to provide scientific basis for the introduction of cultivated varieties of flowering peach in Changsha area,the characteristics and ornamental values were studied.【Methods】The phenological period and ornamental characteristics of 18 peach cultivars,comprising flower color,flowering period,flower volume,number of petals,corolla diameter,number of stamens,pistils,and sepals were investigated in peach garden of Hunan Forest Botanical Garden.The relevant ornamental factors were evaluated by analytic hierarchy process(AHP).【Result】The flowers of 18 cultivars were rich in colors,including red,pink,white,white and pink,red and pink,etc.The‘Beijing Purple’had the earliest flowering period,with an initial flowering stage at the end of February.The ornamental period of‘Hongbi’was the latest,with an initial flowering stage on March 20.The initial flowering stage of‘Beijing Purple’earlier than‘Hongbi’significantly,with a difference of 20 days.The flowering period of‘Ruihong’was the shortest,only 15 days.While,‘Yuanchun’had the longest flowering period of 25 days.The whole ornamental period almost lasted 40 days in the garden.The amounts of flower of‘Renmian’was the largest,with an average of 34.8 flowers per unit branch length(50 cm).The whole tree of‘Ruihong’had only 25 flowers.The‘Yingchun’had the largest corolla,with an average diameter of 52.5 mm.The number of petals of‘Hongbi’was the most,with an average of 66.The‘Wanbai’had the most stamens,with an average of 53.1;the average pistil number of‘Renmian’was 3.03,which was the most;the average number of sepals of‘Hongbi’was 11.37,which was the highest.The‘Renmian’was awarded the highest comprehensive score(42),followed by‘Yuanchuan’(42),‘Pink Girl’(40),and‘Hongbi’(40).While,‘Zhaoshou’,‘Ruihong’and‘Beijing Purple’had the lowest scores,which were 29,28,and 26,respectively.【Conclusion】Sixteen varieties of flowering peach,including‘Renmian’,‘Yuanchun’,‘Pink Girl’and‘Mantianhong’,with high ornamental value,can be further developed and utilized in Changsha area.‘Ruihong’and‘Feitao’with poor ornamental value,so they should be a challenge to be used in landscape in Changsha area.