间充质干细胞胞外囊泡的研究及应用进展

Advances on the research and application of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells

细胞外囊泡(EVs)是细胞分泌的一组高异质性纳米级膜性囊泡,富含脂类、蛋白、核酸等多种生物活性物质,可作为细胞间的重要载体,广泛参与细胞间的信号通讯。间充质干细胞胞外囊泡(MSCEVs)承载了MSC损伤修复及再生的特性,同时还具备性质稳定、可大规模制备等优势,有望作为一种非细胞治疗手段应用于临床诊疗。该文概述了MSC-EVs的分子组成及分离鉴定方法,并重点介绍了MSC-EVs在组织损伤修复领域中的应用及作为天然药物载体的潜在可能,以此为MSC-EVs的基础及临床转化研究提供参考。

Extracellular vesicles(EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived nanoscale membranous vesicles rich in lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. They are now considered as important carriers for intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cell(MSC-EVs) have been widely concerned in recent years not only for their repair and regeneration properties similar to mesenchymal stem cells, but also for their advantages of stability and potential for large-scale preparation. Thus, MSC-EVs are expected to be used in clinic as an acellular therapeutic approach. This review summarizes the molecular composition, functional mechanism, isolation and identification methods of MSC-EVs. Moreover, their application in repairing tissue damage and their potential use as the drug delivery system are highlighted, which provide references for basic and translational researches of MSC-EVs.