边际人格:新时期以来乡土文学中农民现代体验的一个维度

Marginal Personality:A Dimension of Farmers’Modern Experience in Local Literature since the New Era

边际人格是新时期以来乡土文学型塑的农民新人格,在农民(工)、城乡之间的“候鸟”形象中最为常见。乡村现代转型中,农民与剧烈嬗变的社会体制机制、城市文化、人际关系等碰撞时,其精神质素、文化心理在冲突、妥协、调和后表征为多元缝合的新型心性结构,体现为过渡性、边缘性和易变性。乡土文学书写了农民往返在不同文化区域身心流浪、文化冲突、角色穿越、多元角色分裂中无所适从、艰难嬗变的现代“边际”体验和历史困境。其中,临时夫妻、文化反哺、代际冲突、新型职业伦理等带给农民芜杂的现代体验,瓦解他原有的相对稳固单一的传统角色,带来角色意识的混乱,参与他在现代文明中的角色转换,建构着农民作为边际人的新型人格、精神文化和国民性新质素。

The marginal personality is a new personality of farmers delineated by local literature since the new era,which is most common in the image of“migrant birds”between farmers(workers)and urban and rural areas.In the process of rural modern transformation,when farmers collide with the social system,urban culture and interpersonal relationship,their spiritual quality and cultural psychology are marked by a new psychological structure of multiple stitches in the wake of conflicts,compromises and reconciliation,which are embodied in transition,marginality and variability.Local literature has portrayed the modern“marginal”experience and historical dilemma of farmers who are wandering in different cultural regions,cultural conflicts,role crossing and multi-role splitting.Among them,temporary husbands and wives,cultural back-feed,inter-generational conflicts,and new professional ethics have brought to farmers a mixed modern experience,disintegrating their original relatively stable and single traditional role,causing confusion in their role consciousness,and participating in their role change in modern civilization,thus constructing the new personality,spiritual culture and national attributes of farmers as marginal people.