湘西苗族建筑景观基因图谱空间差异及其原因

The spatial differences and reasons of the Miao nationality architecture landscape genetic maps in western Hunan

建筑景观作为少数民族文化的重要组成部分,在快速城镇化的过程中面临着景观特色流失的问题,因此对聚落建筑景观基因研究具有重要意义。为了研究某一民族地区内建筑景观的空间差异,以湘西多个苗族传统村落为考察对象,基于景观基因图谱探究不同地域苗族建筑景观的差异特征及影响因素。结果表明:基于环境适应性,湘西苗族建筑景观主要有岩溶台地深苗区土石建筑、熟苗区砖木建筑、岩溶谷地深苗区混合建筑和浅苗区多开间木质建筑4种类型。自然环境要素、社会环境要素、经济基础要素和文化交流要素等是导致苗族传统建筑景观空间差异的主要因素。

As an important part of ethnic minority culture,architectural landscape is facing the problem of loss of landscape characteristics in the process of rapid urbanization.Therefore,it is of great significance to the study of settlement architectural landscape genes.In order to study the spatial differences of architectural landscape in a certain ethnic area,this article takes many traditional villages of the Miao nationality in western Hunan as the object of investigation,and explores the spatial differences and influencing factors of their architectural cultural landscape based on field investigations and graphical methods.The results show that:based on environmental adaptability,the architectural landscape of the Miao nationality in western Hunan mainly includes 4 types of Loess-slate Building in the karst mesa area of Sheng-Miao,Brick-wood Buildings in the area of Shu-Miao,Mixed Buildings in the karst in karst valley region of Sheng-Miao and Multi-room Wooden Building in the area of Qian-Miao.Natural environmental elements,social environmental elements,economic background elements,and cultural exchange elements are the main factors that cause the spatial differences in traditional Miao architecture landscape.