河北省燕山-太行山贫困地区6~24月龄婴幼儿营养状况及影响因素分析

Nutritional status of infants aged 6-24 months in poverty-stricken areas of Yanshan-taihang mountains in Hebei province and related influencing factors

目的分析河北省燕山-太行山贫困地区6~24月龄婴幼儿营养状况、特点以及影响因素,为制定相关干预措施提供科学依据。方法采取分层、多阶段抽样、PPS抽样和随机等距抽样相结合的方法,抽取2017年河北省燕山-太行山贫困地区2786名6~24月龄婴幼儿为调查对象。通过身长体重测量评估婴幼儿营养状况,采用问卷调查了解婴幼儿基本情况、看护人营养知识掌握情况、24 h喂养情况。结果6~24月龄婴幼儿年龄别体重Z评分(WAZ)、年龄别身长Z评分(HAZ)、以及身长别体重Z评分(WHZ)均值分别为(0.54±1.23)、(0.49±1.56)和(0.45±1.38),均为正值,且随年龄增长呈下降趋势。婴幼儿生长迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率、超重率、肥胖率分别为5.49%、2.55%、4.27%、21.97%、11.84%,生长迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率、肥胖率男孩明显高于女孩,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);生长迟缓率随年龄增长呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。多因素Logisitic回归分析结果显示,性别、月龄、及时辅食添加、最低膳食频次、最小膳食种类均为婴幼儿生长迟缓的相关因素;性别、及时辅食添加为低体重的相关因素;性别、最小膳食种类为消瘦和肥胖的相关因素。结论河北省燕山-太行山贫困地区6~24月龄婴幼儿生长发育水平有所提高,但营养不均衡呈突出问题,尤其是营养过剩问题严重,需加大科学喂养知识的健康教育,提高父母或看护人的营养知识的知晓率。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status,characteristics and influencing factors of infants aged 6-24 months in poverty-stricken areas of Yanshan-taihang mountains in Hebei province and related influencing factors,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating relevant intervention measures.Methods The method of combining stratified sampling,multistage sampling,PPS sampling and random equidistant sampling was used.A total of 2,786 infants aged 6-24 months in poverty-stricken areas of Yanshan-taihang mountains in Hebei province in 2017 were enrolled in the study.The nutritional status of infants was evaluated through body length and weight measurement,and questionnaire survey was performed to investigate the basic situation of infants,and the knowledge of nutrition of caregivers and the 24-hour feeding status.Results The mean values of age-specific weight Z score(WAZ),age-specific length Z score(HAZ),and length-specific weight Z score(WHZ)in the infants were 0.54±1.23,0.49±1.56,and 0.45±1.38 respectively,which were positive values and showed a downward trend with the increase of age.The growth retardation rate,low body weight rate,emaciation rate,overweight rate and obesity rate were 5.49%,2.55%,4.27%,21.97%and 11.84%respectively,moreover,which in boys were significantly higher than those of girls(P<0.05).The growth retardation rate showed a downward trend with the increase of age(P<0.05).Multivariate Logisitic regression analysis showed that gender,age,timely supplement,minimum dietary frequency and minimum dietary types were related factors with growth retardation of infants,and the gender and timely supplement of solid food were the relevant factors of low body weight,and gender and minimum dietary type were the related factors with emaciation and obesity.Conclusion The growth and development levels of infants aged 6-24 months in poverty-stricken areas of Yanshan-taihang mountains in Hebei province are improved,but the imbalance of nutrition is a prominent problem,especially the serious problem of excessive nutrition,thus,it is necessary to strengthen health education about scientific feeding knowledge to improve the awareness rate of parents or caregivers about nutrition knowledge.