大风雨雪气象条件下高速公路车辆稳定行驶的临界车速研究

Critical Speed of Vehicles Running Stably on Expressway in the Weather of Rain and Snow under Strong Wind

为保证车辆在大风及雨雪气象条件下的行驶安全,构建了车辆模型、气象环境模型和道路模型,利用Carsim软件进行仿真模拟分析,考虑不同风级条件下车辆在降雨积水路面、积雪路面和降雪结冰路面上,以特定线形组合为例,选取侧向力系数和侧向偏移量作为评价指标,研究车辆稳定行驶的临界车速。研究给出了不同气象条件下车辆在直线和圆曲线上的限速建议,结果表明:车辆在5级风以上的雨天积水路面,路段线形为直线时,车速应不高于80 km/h,当路段为圆曲线时,应将车速控制在50 km/h以下;车辆在5级风以上的积雪或结冰路面,路段线形为直线时,安全限速值为60 km/h;当路段为圆曲线时,应将车速控制在30 km/h以下。研究结果对恶劣天气下安全驾驶和道路限速提供一定参考,并提供风雨雪作用下车辆安全行驶临界车速的计算方法。

In order to ensure the driving safety of vehicles under the weather conditions of strong wind,rain and snow,the vehicle model,the meteorological environment model and the road model were constructed,and the simulation analysis was carried out by using the CarSim software.Considering the situation of vehicles on the rainy water road,snowy road and snowy iced road under different wind levels,the critical speed of vehicle running stably was studied by taking the specific linear combination as an example and selecting the lateral force coefficient and the lateral offset as the evaluation index.The speed limit suggestions of vehicles on straight line and circular curve under different weather conditions were given.The results show that when the road section alignment is straight,the vehicle speed should not be higher than 80 km/h when the vehicle is on the waterlogged road in rainy days with grade 5 wind or above;when the road section is circular,the vehicle speed should be controlled below 50 km/h.When vehicles are on snowy or icy road with grade 5 wind or above,the safety speed limit value is 60 km/h when the road section alignment is straight;when the road section is circular curve,the speed should be controlled below 30 km/h.The research results can provide some reference for safe driving and road speed limit in severe weather,and provide the calculation method of critical speed of vehicle safely driving under the action of wind,rain and snow.