唤起与重构:抗战动员中的“坚守西安”记忆

Evocation and Reconstruction:the Memory of"Defending Xi'an"in the Mobilization of Anti-Japanese War

历史记忆是立足当下对过去记忆的集体性建构。抗战时期在民族救亡的背景之下,1926年的“西安围城”事件被重新发掘和阐述,并转变成包含“苦难”精神、“光荣”历史和“英雄”形象的“坚守西安”历史记忆,适应了抗战动员的现实需要。嘴衔油渣、军阀祸国的“苦难”被铸镕成不畏强权、自强不息、与民更始、团结统一的民族精神基座,成为共赴国难的精神支柱和强大动力;捍卫西北、策应北伐的“光荣”记忆明确了守城即守国的意义,动员着人们保卫国土、收复东北;英雄个人和英雄群体的传播表现了民众对杨虎城与民同休戚、共进退的崇敬之情,塑造出时人苟利国家生死以的爱国情怀。

Historical memory is a collective construction of the past based on the present.Under the background of national salvation during the Anti-Japanese War,the Xi'an Siege Event in 1926 was rediscovered and expounded,and transformed into a historical memory of"defending Xi'an"which includes the spirit of suffering,glorious history and hero image,which responded to the realistic needs of mobilization of the Anti-Japanese war.The sufferings of the starvation and the warlords’wrecking the country were cast into a national spiritual base which was fearless of power,self-improvement,and united with the people,and became the spiritual pillar and powerful power dealing with national difficulties;the glorious memory of defending the northwest and responding to the northern expedition made clear the significance of guarding the city,that is,guarding the country,mobilizing people to defend the country and recover the northeast;the propagation of the biography of heroic individuals and heroic groups shows the people's respect for Yang Hucheng and the people,and shapes the patriotic feelings of people who are willing to devote their lives for the country.