流域水生态空间管控下生境监测方法概述

Overview on Habitat Monitoring Methods Under Watershed Ecological Space Management

生境被认为是区域内为水环境中生物提供生存和生长环境的物理、化学和生物特征,是水生态空间中支持和维持生物及其生态功能的重要空间.生境特征对阐释流域生态系统的结构和功能具有重要意义.然而,生境具有空间和时间尺度的异质性以及空间自相关性,尤其是大时空尺度下其生态功能的维持具有更加复杂的机制和过程.这决定了表征和阐释生境特征是极其困难的,特别是表征大时空尺度下的特征.尽管现有研究提出诸多涉及不同尺度的生境监测方法,但对实现长期跟踪多尺度下流域生境整体变化仍缺少成熟的方法.本文从生境的概念、生境监测的目的和意义引出生境的特点及生境监测对流域水生态环境管控的重要性,归纳了主流生境监测方法的特点及主要差异,综述了生境监测中关键的科学问题(如空间尺度、区域范围、特征参数和数据信息获取方法等),提出我国现阶段生境监测核心内容的建议,以期为流域生态空间管控下生境监测的应用和研究提供借鉴.

Habitat consist of the physical,chemical,and biological features that support the survival and growth of aquatic organisms,and the maintenance of biological processes and ecological function.However,habitat is spatially and temporally heterogeneous and displays spatial autocorrelation,mean that at large spatial scales,the maintenance of ecological function is complex.Consequently,it is difficult to characterize and interpret habitat characteristics,especially over large space-time scales.Although a wide variety of habitat monitoring methods have been proposed,there is still lack of well-developed methods for long-term tracking and monitoring of habitat changes at the watershed scale.Here, the characteristics of watershed habitats and the importance of monitoring in environmental management were explored based on the concept,purpose,and significance of habitat monitoring.Several monitoring methods were summarized and compared,and the key scientific limitations and requirements of habitat monitoring(e.g.,spatial scale,survey scope,characteristic parameters,data acquisition,etc.) evaluated.Based on this,key aspects for successful habitat monitoring in China are proposed as baseline information for the research and application of habitat monitoring for watershed-scale ecological space management.