注意对视觉视角采择自发产生的调节作用

Regulating Role of Attention in Spontaneous Visual Perspective-taking

目的基于视角采择加工背后内隐心理化与一般认知加工的假设之争,检验并探究视觉视角采择自发产生的心理机制,关注注意卷入是否对视角一致效应起调节作用。方法在同一对象下,改变实验的任务背景以调节个体卷入的注意资源。实验一在非心理化对象条件下,同时完成自我与他人视角判断,检验视角一致效应的出现是否依赖于对象的心理化线索。实验二在同一对象条件下,仅完成自我视角判断,检验视角一致效应是否受到方向线索的驱动而产生。实验三保持对象不变,完成自我视角判断与方向线索判断,检验是任务中的注意还是心理化成分引发了视角一致效应的出现。结果实验一中,即使视角采择对象不具有心理化线索,视角一致效应仍能够显著出现(P<0.001)。实验二发现同一对象下,随着个体对任务无关对象注意程度的降低,方向线索的存在本身不足以驱动视角一致效应的产生(P=0.765)。实验三表明是任务对注意资源的卷入而非心理化启动解释了视角一致效应的出现(P<0.001)。结论视觉视角采择的自发产生不是完全刺激或线索驱动的,而表现出背景依赖成分,表现为注意对视觉视角采择自发产生中的调节作用。反驳了内隐心理化对视角一致效应的一元解释,暗示了一般认知加工在视觉视角采择中的基础性作用。

Objective On the basis of implicit mentalizing and domain-general processing hypotheses,the mental mechanism of spontaneous visual perspective-taking was tested and explored,and whether attention in perspective-taking affected the self-consistency effect was investigate.Methods The attention to the same perspective-taking target was systematically manipulated by changing the task backgrounds.In experiment 1,the self-perspective and other-perspective tasks were completed wiht a target containing no mentalizing cues,to test whether the self-consistency effect was driven by the mentalizing cue.In experiment 2,only the self-perspective task was completed with the same target,to test whether the direction cues were sufficient to drive the self-consistency effect.In experiment 3,the self-perspective and direction judgement tasks were completed with the same target,to test whether the self-consistency effect was caused by the attention or by mentalizing component of task.Results Experiment 1 showed that the self-consistency effects were still significant(P<0.001) when the perspective-taking target did not contain mentalizing cues.Experiment 2 showed that when the individual’s attention to the task-irrelevant target reduced,the direction cues were not sufficient to drive the self-consistency effect(P=0.765).Experiment 3 showed that attention rather than the mentalizing component of task induced the self-consistency effect(P <0.001).Conclusion Visual perspective-taking was context-dependent rather than stimulus-driven.The implicit mentalizing monism was insufficient to explain the mechanism of spontaneous visual perspective-taking.The domain-general processing,particularly attention,played a key role in spontaneous visual perspective-taking.