促进心血管健康健身行为的寒地城市公园规划研究

Research on Urban Park Planning in Cold Regions to Promote Fitness Behavior for Cardiovascular Health

基于公园处方的理念与发展经验,尝试探究应对寒地气候背景下高发的心血管健康问题的城市公园规划思路。采用访谈、问卷调研、实地观察等方法,调查并分析寒地城市公园对促进心血管健康健身行为的支持性。研究发现社区公园通常拥有相对完善的活动设施配置,但在可达性方面对于部分人群而言稍显不足,且在安全性、舒适性、临街地带的尾气隔离等细节设计方面有待提升;小区游园具有突出的可达性优势,但在向阳舒适性、活动设施配置方面有待提升。进而结合公园处方在空间层面的组成要素,提出寒地城市促进心血管健康健身行为的公园处方规划应对策略,包括公园布局的优化、公园设计的完善、公园数据库的建立,以期提升寒地城市公园在漫长冬季的健康服务水平。

Based on the concept and developmental experience of Park Rx, this research tries to explore the ideas of urban park planning to deal with high incidence of cardiovascular health problems in the context of cold climate. Through interview, questionnaire survey and field observations, it investigates and analyzes the park’s support for winter fitness behaviors for cardiovascular health. It finds that community parks usually have relatively better configuration of activity facilities, but are slightly inadequate for some people in accessibility, and to be improved in detailed designs for safety, comfort, and exhaust gas isolation of the frontage. The residential yards have outstanding accessibility advantage, but there are gaps in the comfort and the configuration of activity facilities. Accordingly, in view of the components of the Park Rx at the spatial level, it proposes the strategies of Park Rx planning for promoting fitness behaviors for cardiovascular health in cold region cities, including optimization of park layout, improvement of park design, and establishment of park database, in order to improve the health service level of parks in the cites in the long winter.