湿地土壤硫组分特征及其影响因素的研究进展

Review on soil sulfur fractions and influence factors in wetlands

硫是湿地中重要的生命元素,硫对环境变化极为敏感,在生源要素生物地球化学循环中扮演着重要角色。硫的价态多样,形式复杂,湿地垦殖使土地利用方式等发生显著改变,进而影响到土壤硫组分的变化。垦殖背景下,目前对湿地硫组分及其微生物驱动机制的研究尚不够深入。硫稳定同位素技术(δ^(34)S)逐渐地被应用到硫生物地球化学循环过程的研究中,可以探究硫素的来源。硫氧化菌(Sulfate oxidizing bacteria,SOB)和硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfate reduction bacteria,SRB)是硫组分形态转化的主要驱动者,在湿地硫循环中发挥着重要的作用。土壤芳基硫酸酯酶是参与土壤硫循环的重要酶类,是反映湿地土壤质量的一个重要生物学指标。该研究主要从湿地土壤硫组分的分布特征、影响因素、硫同位素来源示踪和微生物驱动机制4个方面,综述了湿地土壤硫组分影响因素的研究动态。最后,文章总结了当前研究中存在的问题,提出了该领域今后深入探讨的一些建议。

Sulfur is an important element of life,and its biogeochemical cycle is one of the core contents in the study of wetland.There are a lot of sulfur in wetlands,which is very sensitive to environmental change.Sulfur plays an important role in maintaining the healthy development of the biogeochemical cycling.Reclamation has led to significant changes of land use patterns in wetlands,soil sulfur composition is affected by reclamation for various valence states and complex forms of sulfur itself.However,domestic theoretical study of soil sulfur components is not deep enough,and there is a lack of the study of microbial driving mechanism in wetland under the influence of reclamation.Sulfur stable isotope technique(δ34S)has been more and more applied in this domain,which can identify the sources of soil sulfur and promoted the research progress.Sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria(SOB)play an important part in the sulfur cycle of wetlands.Soil arylsulphatase is also important in sulfur cycle and could act as a biological index of soil quality.This paper summarizes the advances in the soil sulfur content and fractions in wetlands from the aspects of sulfur components,influence factor,sulfur isotopic tracing in soils and microbial driving mechanism under the background of reclamation respectively.By the end of this paper,the existing problems and the future directions of related studies are discussed and prospected.