VERP理论在国家公园游憩管理中的应用及启示——以美国拱门国家公园为例

Application of VERP Theory to Recreation Management of National Park and Its Enlightenment: A Case Study of the Arches National Park

国家公园作为一种独特类型的自然保护地至今已历140余年,形成了相对完整的承载力管理体系,其中游客体验与资源保护理论(VERP理论)被认为是国家公园游憩管理中最具使用价值的工具之一。当前我国正致力于建设以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系,VERP理论则为中国国家公园游憩管理提供了一个理性思路。文中梳理VERP理论相关内容,介绍美国拱门国家公园对VERP理论的应用实践,提出了适用于我国国家公园游憩管理的措施:明晰管理目标,坚持"自然环境"为主的监测体系,加强规划和管理"软硬实力",提倡"国家主导、社会响应"式的科学研究,保障和提升监测管理水平。

National park has been regarded as a unique nature protected area for more than 140 years, and a relatively complete carrying capacity management system has been established for national parks. VERP theory is considered to be one of the most valuable tools in the national park recreation management.Currently, China is dedicated to the construction of natural protected area system with national park as the dominant part, and the VERP theory provides a reasonable thought for the management of recreation in national parks. This paper reviews the VERP theory and related contents, and introduces the practical application of VERP theory in the Arches National Park. On this basis, the suitable measures for national park recreation management in China is proposed that the management objectives should be specified to establish the nature environment oriented monitoring system, and the planning and management should be strengthened by adopting the scientific research featured with government leading and social response so as to guarantee and improve the monitoring management level.