土耳其油橄榄种质资源发展现状与启示

Olive Germplasm Resources Development in Turkey: Status and Enlightenment

油橄榄种质资源承载了丰富的物种多样性和遗传多样性,是油橄榄繁衍发展的物质基础。土耳其油橄榄栽培历史悠久,良种规模化程度高,经济效益好。文中介绍土耳其油橄榄栽培管理和加工以及在油橄榄种质收集等方面的技术领先优势,提出了我国油橄榄发展建议。目前我国油橄榄种质资源研究停滞于初步调查阶段,迫切需要在种质资源方面进行系统性和针对性的研究。应当借鉴土耳其发展经验,改善我国油橄榄产业目前存在的盲目扩大种植面积、栽培品种混杂、许多品种引进后未能留存等问题,并通过油橄榄种质资源的调查、收集、鉴定和整理避免重复引种,使良种选育工作少走弯路,促进产业长足发展。

Olive germplasm resources are embedded with rich species diversity and genetic diversity, which is the material basis for the reproduction and development of Olive. Turkey boasts a long history of olive cultivation, large-scaled excellent varieties development and good economic benefits. This paper introduces the olive cultivation, management and processing in Turkey and its leading technological advantages in the collection of olive germplasm, and puts forward the suggestion of olive development in China. The research on olive germplasm resources in China stays at the preliminary investigation stage, so it is urgent to carry out systematic and targeted research on the germplasm resources. It should draw lessons from Turkey’ s development experience to improve the problems of olive industry development in China, including blind expansion of cultivation area, mixed varieties breeding, the failure to keep the germplasm of introduced varieties. It is also suggested to avoid duplicated introduction by investigating, collecting, identifying and classifying olive germplasm resources so as to avoid the mistakes made in excellent varieties breeding and promote the rapid development of the industry.