澳大利亚国家公园社区共管模式与经验借鉴

Community-based Management Model the National Parks in Australia and Its Inspiration

澳大利亚国家公园社区共管模式是基于平衡原住民使用资源的权利和保护生物多样性的义务而建立的机制,其规划建设的过程、经验和思路对于探索我国国家公园社区管理制度具有重要参考价值。文中梳理了澳大利亚国家公园社区共管的历史脉络与演变过程,将其分为由排斥而引发利益冲突、由谈判而达成共管机制以及由发展而完善保护体系3个阶段,分析其典型的社区共管模式,总结其权利保障制度、社区参与机制和社区引导政策3个方面的社区共管经验,并结合中国自然保护地建设情况提出了对中国国家公园社区共管的建议。

The community-based management model of the national parks in Australia is an established mechanism that has been developed by balancing the rights of indigenous people to use resources and their obligation to protect biodiversity, and the process, experience and ideas of its planning and construction have important reference values for exploring the community management system of national parks in China. This paper reviews the historical context and evolution process of the Australian national park community-based management model, and divides it into three stages, i.e., the conflict of interest caused by exclusion, the mechanism of co-management reached through negotiation, and the protection system improved from development, and concludes the experiences in community-based management including rights protection system, community participation mechanism and community guidance policy. It then puts forward the suggestions for building the community-based management mechanism of national parks in China based on the current management of nature protected areas.