日本淡水渔业发展战略

Japan’s freshwater fishery development strategy

为借鉴日本淡水渔业的先进发展经验,对日本淡水渔业制度、相关法律以及战略(内向型、外向型)进行了研究。结果表明,日本渔业发展战略向名优水产养殖品种(鳗鱼)和贸易品种(锦鲤)转移,并取得良好效果。进一步厘清了养鳗是维持日本淡水养殖产业的关键,同时通过日本生态修复措施保住了部分国内鳗鱼供给。日本政企联合实施锦鲤出口型战略,中国购买力为日本锦鲤养殖业注入活力,亦带动了新泻县的地方经济发展。研究表明,日本淡水渔业内部结构性衰退是使淡水渔业产量下降的真正原因,日本淡水渔业发展战略为中国淡水渔业高质量发展提供参考。

In order to learn from the advanced development experience of Japan’s freshwater fishery,this study analyzes the Japan’s freshwater fishery system,relevant laws and Japan’s specific practices(inward and outward oriented).The results show that Japan’s fishery development strategy shifted to famous aquaculture species(eel)and trade varieties(koi),and both of them achieved good results.It is further clarified that eel farming is the key to maintain Japan’s freshwater aquaculture industry,and some domestic eel supply has been maintained through Japan’s ecological restoration measures.Japan’s government and enterprises have jointly implemented the koi export-oriented strategy.China’s purchasing power encouraged Japanese koi breeding industry,and driove the local economic development of Niigata County.The results show that the internal structural decline of Japan’s freshwater fishery is the real reason for the decline of freshwater fishery production.The development strategy of Japan’s freshwater fishery provides references for developing high-quality freshwater fishery in China.