膜下滴灌追肥种类对花生衰老特性和产量的影响

Effects of Top Dressing Types Under Mulch Drip Irrigation on Senescence and Yield of Peanut

旨在明确不同肥料种类及其相互配合追施提高花生产量的效应,确定适宜的追施肥料种类和相互配施方法,为花生科学追肥实现高产优质节本增效栽培提供理论依据。在大田覆膜滴灌条件下,于花针期设置追施氮、钙、硼肥及其相互配施处理,探究膜下滴灌追施氮、钙和硼肥及其配合施用对花生衰老特性和产量的影响。结果表明,花针期追施氮、硼、钙肥及其配合施用均可不同程度地提高花生功能叶叶绿素含量、光合速率、SOD和POD活性、可溶性蛋白含量,降低MDA含量,延缓衰老;增加花生单株结果数、百果重、百仁重、出仁率和产量。但单独追施氮、硼、钙肥效果不如氮、硼、钙肥配合施用,其中以配合追施氮硼钙肥和氮钙肥提高光合性能和保护酶活性的效果最好,增产幅度最大,分别比不追肥的对照增产26.51%~27.91%和22.15%~22.18%。

This paper aims to assess the effect of different kinds of fertilizers and their mutual application on increasing peanut yield,determine the appropriate types of fertilizer and their mutual application,and provide a theoretical basis for scientific application of fertilizer to achieve high yield and quality,and cost saving and efficiency increasing of peanut cultivation.Under the condition of mulching drip irrigation in field,nitrogen,calcium,boron and their combined application were conducted at the flower needle stage.The results showed that the application of nitrogen,boron,calcium and their combination increased the chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,activities of SOD and POD,soluble protein content,while decreased the MDA content,delayed the senescence,increased the number of fruit per plant,the weight of 100 fruits,the weight of 100 kernels and the rate of kernel production,and finally increased the yield.However,the effect of single application of N,B and Ca was not as good as that of combined application,in which,the combined top dressing of N,B and Ca or N and Ca showed the best effect on photosynthetic property and protective enzyme activity,and the yield increase range was the largest,which was 26.51%-27.91%and 22.15%-22.18%higher than that of the control without top dressing,respectively.