近三十年来中国水库时空变迁及其效应分析

Temporal and spatial variations of reservoirs in China and their effect analysis in the past 30 years

水库具有重要的自然生态与经济社会价值.近年来人类活动对水库的时空干扰愈加强烈.文章基于1990年至2015年多期高分辨率遥感影像,结合多源数据,建立全国多期水库动态数据库,对近三十年来中国水库的数量及其空间分布规律开展动态监测,揭示高强度人类活动干扰下中国水库的时空演变过程.基于水库空间分布的异质性与关联性,利用综合方法,探讨水库各类要素的时空变化及其自然与社会响应.结果表明,受高强度人类活动影响,近三十年来我国水库数量与库容量不断上升,水库空间分布趋于分散,呈现多核心聚集的现象.大量的水库与水利工程建设创造了极大的社会经济效益,但同时因大量截留水分与沉积物,干扰流域水沙平衡过程,给生态环境带来了一系列挑战.如何实现水库经济社会效益与生态环境效益的平衡,是未来水库与水利工程研究与管理工作的重点.

The reservoir has important natural ecological, economic and social value. In recent years, the temporal and spatial interference of human activities to the reservoir is more and more intense. Based on the multi-phase high-resolution remote sensing images from 1990 to 2015, combined with multi-source data, this study established a national multi-phase dynamic database of reservoirs, to dynamically monitor the number and spatial distribution of reservoirs in China in recent 30 years, and revealed the spatiotemporal evolution process of reservoirs in China under the interference of high-intensity human activities. Based on the heterogeneity and correlation of spatial distribution of reservoirs, the temporal and spatial changes of various factors of reservoirs and their natural and social responses are discussed by using comprehensive methods. The results show that under the influence of high-intensity human activities, the number and capacity of reservoirs in China have been increasing in recent 30 years, and the spatial distribution of reservoirs tends to be dispersed, showing the phenomenon of multi-core aggregation. A large number of reservoirs and water conservancy projects have created great economic and social benefits, but at the same time, due to a large number of intercepted water and sediment, they interfere with the process of water and sediment balance, and bring a series of challenges to the ecological environment. How to achieve the balance between the economic and social benefits and the ecological and environmental benefits of reservoirs is the focus of the future research and of significance to the management of reservoirs and water conservancy projects.