牛栏江流域上游保护区“四型”小流域水土流失治理模式

Soil and Water Loss Control Model on“Four-Type”Small Watersheds at Reserve Zone of Upstream Area in Niulan River Basin

[目的]分析牛栏江流域上游保护区水土流失治理模式,以期为流域水土流失治理提供新的思路。[方法]基于DEM数据在ArcGIS内进行子流域自动提取,结合遥感影像进行人工交互解译、修正以确定子流域;以划分的子流域为基本单元进行定性与定量赋分并计算综合得分,依据综合得分确定流域水土保持分区及其主导功能;根据确定的水土保持分区主导功能进行“四型”小流域治理模式配置。[结果]牛栏江流域上游保护区共划分9个子流域,确定4个水土保持分区;在各水土保持分区分别构建以生态安全型、生态景观型、生态经济型和生态清洁型为主的“四型”小流域治理模式。[结论]子流域可作为牛栏江流域上游保护区“四型”小流域水土流失治理模式配置的基本单元,水土保持主导功能可作为“四型”小流域模式配置的依据,提供因型施策、精准至区的水土流失科学治理模式。

[Objective]A comprehensive control model of soil and water loss at the reserve zone of the upstream area in Niulan River basin was analyzed to provide new ideas for a water and soil loss control in the basin.[Methods]The subbasins were extracted automatically using ArcGIS based on digital elevation model data.Then,the subbasin was merged and revised manually with the assistance of remote-sensing images.Every subbasin that was determined with the human-computer interaction method was scored using qualitative and quantitative methods to calculate a comprehensive score.The zones of soil and water conservation and their dominant functions were obtained according to the comprehensive scoring of each subbasin.The control model of a"four-type"small watershed was proposed by analyzing the dominant functions of all the zones of soil and water conservation.[Results]The reserve zone of the Niulan River upstream area was divided into nine subbasins and four areas.The"four-type"small watershed management model was set up in the reserve zone of Niulan River upstream area;moreover,the four partitions of soil and water conservation were matched with the"four-type"control model,comprising the types of ecological security,ecological landscape,ecological economy,and ecological cleanness.[Conclusion]The subbasin can be used as the basic unit of the"four-type"small watershed in the upstream protection area of Niulan River basin,and the dominant functions of soil and water conservation can be used as the basis for the configuration of the"four-type"small watershed model.It provides a scientific control model for soil and water conservation in accordance with the type and precision of the partition.