提升纳米复合电介质击穿强度的理论与方法

Theory and Method of Improving the Breakdown Strength of Nanocomposite Dielectrics

聚合物复合电介质材料在电工领域有着广泛的应用。在电力设备运行过程中,电介质材料在温度、电(磁)场、机械力以及环境的作用下会发生击穿现象,造成电力设备失效以及由此引起的损失。因此,提升复合电介质的击穿强度一直是电工领域的重要问题。纳米复合电介质代表未来电力设备绝缘的发展方向。该文首先简述聚合物电介质的基本击穿理论,并总结提升纳米复合电介质击穿强度的基本策略及原理。接着,聚焦纳米粒子对电荷产生、输运以及电场分布的作用,总结几种提高纳米复合电介质击穿强度的方法,包括纳米粒子的表面工程、调控纳米粒子的维度和排列、制备多层结构的复合电介质、制备核壳结构纳米粒子复合介质,以及利用金属纳米颗粒的纳米效应。最后,对提升纳米复合电介质击穿强度未来的研究方向进行展望。

Polymer-based dielectric nanocomposites have a wide applications in electrical engineering. During the operation of power equipment, dielectric materials suffer from temperature, electric(magnetic) fields, mechanical forces, and environment impact and may cause electrical breakdown, leading to failure of power equipment and resulting collateral losses. Therefore, improving the breakdown strength of nanocomposite dielectrics has always been an important issue in electrical engineering. Nanocomposite dielectrics represent the future development of power equipment insulation. This article first reviewed the basic breakdown theory of solid dielectrics. Next, aiming at the effect of nanofiller on charge generation, transportation and electric field distribution, several strategies of enhancing the breakdown strength of nanocomposite dielectrics in recent years are reviewed, including surface engineering of nanofiller, regulating the dimension and direction of nanofiller, fabricating multi-layer dielectric nanocomposites, synthesizing dielectric constant gradually distributed core-shell nanofiller and the utilization of nano-effect of ultra-small metal nanoparticles. Finally, the future research on improving the breakdown strength of dielectric nanocomposites is prospected.