山东临朐不同品种樱桃上果蝇发生种类及种群动态调查

The species and population dynamic survey of fruit flies on different cherry cultivars

为了解不同品种樱桃果蝇的发生情况,于2019年在山东临朐应用糖醋液诱捕器监测果蝇成虫发生动态,并调查了不同品种樱桃受果蝇为害情况及相关品质指标。结果表明,不同樱桃品种间果蝇成虫发生量及发生高峰期不同,以黄蜜和美早上果蝇的发生数量最多,监测成虫发生高峰期较先锋、红灯、拉宾斯晚。樱桃果实成熟期,美早和黄蜜上果蝇幼虫数量和蛀果率最高,幼虫量分别为128.3头/百果和131.3头/百果,蛀果率分别为65.3%和69.0%。当地樱桃园中果蝇为黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)、斑翅果蝇(Drosophila suzukii)和伊米果蝇(Drosophila immigrans),以黑腹果蝇为主。果实品质测定结果发现美早和黄蜜的总糖、固酸比、可溶性固形物的含量均较高。

In this article, the infestation and damage of fruit flies to different cherry cultivars were clarified by comparing the population dynamics and damage of the fruit flies and investigating the relationship between fruit quality indicators and fruit flies′ occurrence. The results showed that the quantity and occurrence peak of fruit flies varied among different cherry cultivars, and the number of fruit flies was the largest in Meizao and Huangmi, and the occurrence peak was later than that of the other three cherry cultivars. Meizao and Huangmi had the highest number of larvae and the highest infected rate, which reached 128.3 and 131.3 larvae per 100 cherries respectively, and the rate of fruit infected were65.3% and 69.0%, respectively. The three species of the fruit fly, D. suzukii, D. melanogaster, and D. immigrans were found, among which the D. suzukii was the main species. The results of fruit quality determination showed that the content of total sugar, solid acid ratio, and soluble solids was the highest in Meizao and Huangmi.