湖北省兴山县黏菌的物种组成与生态特征

Specific composition and ecological characteristics of myxomycetes in Xingshan County, Hubei Province

湖北省宜昌市兴山县地处北亚热带,位于秦巴山区向江汉平原的东延区域,属"三峡库区",气候湿润,植被主要为常绿阔叶与落叶阔叶混交林,适宜黏菌生长。为全面掌握该县黏菌的物种资源组成,从而加强对"三峡库区"生物多样性的认识,在2016年10月至2018年8月,于不同季节在该县进行了10次黏菌多样性调查和标本采集,同时收集基物进行湿室培养,共获得黏菌标本215份,根据形态特征鉴定为6目9科25属56种。黄褐筛菌Cribraria aurantiaca Schrad.、多变无丝菌Licea variabilis Schrad.和盖碗菌Perichaena corticalis (Batsch) Rostaf.等25种为湖北省首次记录,宽肋筛菌Cribraria martini Nann.-Bremek.为中国亚热带地区首次报道的物种。对不同生境中黏菌分布状况的分析表明,该地黏菌物种发生最多的月份为6月,发生最多的基物为腐木,在不同海拔高度中黏菌的分布存在差异。

Xingshan County in Yichang City of Hubei Province, being the north subtropical zone, is located in the eastern extension of Qinba Mountain Area stretching to Jianghan Plain and belongs to Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The humid climate and vegetation of mixed evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous broad-leaved forests are suitable for the growth of myxomycetes. The investigation of specific composition of myxomycetes in the county was conducted 10 times in different seasons from October 2016 to August 2018. Meanwhile, the substrate was also collected for moist chamber culture. A total of 215 myxomycetes specimens was obtained, belonging to 6 orders, 9 families, 25 genera and 56 species. Of which 25 species such as Cribraria aurantiaca, Licea variabilis and Pericaena corticalis were recorded for the first time in Hubei Province, and Cribraria martini was first reported in the subtropical region of China. It was found that June was the most suitable for propagation of myxomycetes, using decaying logs as substrate. The distribution of myxomycetes varied with different altitudes.