经口管饲法在脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者中的应用观察

Application of Oral Tube Feeding in Patients with Dysphagia after Stroke

目的:探讨不同经口到食管间歇管饲方法在脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2019年1月~2020年3月在我院康复治疗的60例脑卒中合并吞咽功能障碍患者,分别使用曾氏营养管的曾氏管饲技术及一般气囊导尿管的气囊管饲技术,比较两组患者经口管饲2周后的吞咽功能改善情况,观察两组误吸发生率,对照顾者进行管道护理指导,比较两组患者对这两种管道使用的满意率及依从性、体重变化、营养状况、照顾者使用管道的安全性。结果:两组患者2周后的吞咽功能改善及误吸率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);曾氏管饲技术组满意度及依从性高于气囊管道技术组(P<0.05);两组患者体重均增加,营养状况改善;曾氏管饲技术组照顾者掌握喂养技术更快,对护士的依赖程度较低。结论:对脑卒中患者进行经口到食管间歇管饲,不会使误吸发生率增高,患者吞咽功能及营养状况改善;曾氏营养管IOE技术操作简单易行,患者的满意率及依从性更高,患者接受度高,更易于推广应用。

Objective:To investigate the application of different intermittent tube feeding methods from mouth to esophagus in patients with dysphagia after stroke.Methods:From January 2019 to March 2020,60 cases of stroke patients with swallowing dysfunction were selected as the observation objects,and were divided into two groups:Zeng’s tube feeding group and general balloon catheter feeding group.The improvement of swallowing function was compared between the two groups after 2 weeks of oral tube feeding.The incidence of aspiration was observed.The nursing guidance was given to the caregivers.The satisfaction rate and compliance of the two groups were compared.The weight changes of the two groups were compared.The nutritional status of the two groups was observed.The safety of the two groups of caregivers was compared.Results:There was no significant difference in swallowing function and aspiration rate between the two groups after 2 weeks(P>0.05).Patients’ satisfaction and compliance were higher in Zeng’s tube feeding group(P<0.05).Two groups of patients with weight gain,nutritional status improved.In the Zeng’s tube feeding technique group,the caregivers mastered the feeding technique faster and had lower dependence on nurses.Conclusion:Intermittent tube feeding from mouth to esophagus cannot increase the incidence of aspiration and improve the swallowing function and nutritional status of stroke patients.The operation of IOE technology with Zeng’s nutrition tube is simple and easy to operate,the satisfaction rate and compliance of patients are higher,and the acceptance degree of patients is higher,so it is easier to be popularized and applied.