广西壮族自治区多地区长寿人群分布特征及其相关因素研究

The study on the distribution characteristics and relevant factors of healthy and long-lived people in multiple regions of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

目的探索我国典型长寿地区人群中与健康长寿的相关因素,为老年人群的健康长寿提供有价值的参考数据。方法采用登记和入户问卷调查方法收集和解析广西壮族自治区桂林市永福县、河池市巴马县和防城港市东兴市长寿老人(≥90岁)的人口学基本特征;然后在当地一般人群中,随机选取年龄组对照(40~85岁)。分别对比长寿和对照人群的性别、民族、家族史、疾病史、婚姻状况、家庭代数和子女数、吸烟、饮酒、外出活动、睡眠等与健康长寿相关因素进行关联分析。结果在巴马县、永福县和东兴市常住人口69.15万人中,共登记有≥90岁者1005例(≥90岁率:145.34/10万),其中≥90岁和<100岁(长寿)者944例(长寿率:136.51/10万),年龄(93.28±2.57)岁;≥100岁者61例(百岁率:8.82/10万),年龄(102.00±3.05)岁。长寿和百岁比较仅有3个因素如,地区分布(P=0.014)、无疾病史(P=0.002)和家庭代数(P=0.008)有显著关联。表明长寿和百岁人群可能是同一群体,合并两者将长寿+百岁和对照比较,与健康长寿有显著关联的因素有已婚(OR=26.469,95%CI:13.208~53.045)、家庭代数(OR=5.419,95%CI:3.418~8.592)、儿子数(OR=2.013,95%CI:1.555~2.607)、女儿数(OR=1.380,95%CI:1.122~1.696)和外出活动(OR=10.226,95%CI:3.164~33.045)。结论广西壮族自治区巴马县、永福县和东兴市一般自然人群中长寿和百岁率较高;可能得益于多子女和多代的家庭结构,并且乐观的心态、运动和生活规律均可能是其中重要的健康长寿关联因素。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and relevant factors among individuals characterized by their longevity in multiple regions of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and provide a valuable scientific perspective for the research in health and longevity of the elderly in Guangxi.Methods Registration and face-to-face questionnaire on a door-to-door basis were adopted to collect the demographic characteristics of the long-lived individuals(≥90 years old)in Bama of Hechi city,Yongfu of Guilin city,Dongxing of Fangchenggang city,Guangxi.Then,among the local general population,individuals within the age group between 40 and 85 years old were selected randomly as controls.Correlations were then analyzed between the relative health and longevity of the subjects and their gender,ethnicity,family history,disease history,marital status,the number of family generations,the number of children,smoking,drinking,outdoor activities,sleep and other health-related factors,then the result was subject to further analysis by comparing the long-lived population and the control population respectively.Results Among 691500 of the permanent residents of Bama,Yongfu and Dongxing city,1005 cases were 90 years old and over with a ratio of 145.34 out of 100000 persons;within the 1005 cases,944 were aged between 90 and 100(longevity rate:136.51/100000)with an average age of(93.28±2.57);61 cases were aged 100 or over,arriving at a centenarian rate of 8.82/100000 with an average age of(102.00±3.05)years.Significant differences were found just among three particular factors—regional distribution(P=0.014),history of disease(P=0.002),four generations of family(P=0.008)between nonagenarians and centenarians(P<0.05),while the other 15 indicators did not show anything noteworthy.The result indicated that longevity and centenarians might be the same group and then we combined both groups into one.By cross-comparison between the longevity-plus-centenarians and the control group in the region,factors listed below exhibited significant correlation with health and longevity:marital status(OR=26.469,95%CI:13.208-53.045),number of generations within the family(OR=5.419,95%CI:3.418-8.592),number of male offspring(OR=2.013,95%CI:1.555-2.607),number of female offspring(OR=1.380,95%CI:1.122-1.696),and the frequency of outdoor activities(OR=10.226,95%CI:3.164-33.045).Conclusions The longevity rate is higher in the general natural population in Bama,Yongfu and Dongxing of Guangxi.The phenomenon may owe to favorable family structure,atmosphere within or out of the family or other elements related with social surrounding.Among them all,mentality,inclination to physical exercise and regular rhythm of life may all exert tremendous contributory influence here.