2015—2019年北京市石景山区流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Shijingshan District of Beijing from 2015 to 2019

目的分析2015—2019年北京市石景山区流行性腮腺炎的流行特征,为有效控制流行性腮腺炎提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2015—2019年北京市石景山区流行性腮腺炎发病情况进行分析。结果2015—2019年石景山区累计报告流行性腮腺炎病例352例,年平均发病率为11.09/10万。发病高峰在5—9月。病例主要集中在<15岁年龄组,占报告病例总数的81.53%,其中5—9岁组为发病高峰,占42.33%;男女发病数性别比为1.63:1;未接种麻腮风疫苗的病例中,发热率为35.38%,双侧腮腺肿大率为26.15%;高于有麻腮风疫苗接种史的27.87%和14.63%。(χ^(2)_(发热率)=60.557,χ^(2)_(双侧腮腺肿大率)=155.557,P值均<0.001)。结论15岁以下儿童是石景山区流行性腮腺炎防控的重点,应继续保持并提高2剂次麻腮风疫苗接种率,降低流行性腮腺炎发病率。

Objective To investigate and analyze the epidemic characteristics of mumps in Shijingshan District of Beijing City,so as to provide the scientific evidence for the further control of mumps.Methods The data of mumps cases were collected in Shijingshan District from 2015 to 2019 and analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological method.Results A total of 352 mumps cases were reported in Shijingshan District from 2015 to 2019,and the annual average incidence of mumps was 11.11/105.The peak of incidence was from May to September.The cases mainly concentrated in the age group of<15 years old,accounting for 81.53% of the total number of reported cases.The peak incidence was in the group of 5-9 years old,accounting for 42.33%;the ratio of male to female was 1.63:1.The fever rate was 35.38% and the bilateral parotid gland swelling rate was 26.15%in the cases without vaccination,which was higher than 27.87% and 14.63% in the cases with vaccination history(χ_(2)_(fever rate)=60.557,P<0.001;χ^(2)_(bilateral parotid gland enlargement rate)=155.557,P<0.001).Conclusion The children under 15 years of age are the focus of prevention and control of mumps in Shijingshan District.We should continue to maintain and improve the vaccination rate of 2 doses of mumps vaccine and reduce the incidence rate of mumps.