伯乐树等7种野生植物生境及群落调查评析

Survey and Analysis of Habitats and Communities of Seven Wild Plants including Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl.

野生植物(Wild Plant),是指原生地天然生长的植物,是重要的自然资源和环境要素,是生态系统中的重要组成部分。在维持大气中的氧分压、调节气候、保持水土、防风固沙、维持生态平衡、发展经济以及为人类提供各种材料等方面发挥着巨大作用,是人类赖以生存的基础。素有“植物王国”之称的云南,是全国植物种类最多的省份,不仅有热带、亚热带、温带、寒温带植物种类,而且还有许多古老、衍生、特有种,在全国近3万种高等植物中,云南就有1.8万种,研究植物生境及群落,对生物多样性保护具有现实指导意义。本文调查了伯乐树、红椿、喜马拉雅红豆杉、黄杉、龙棕、水青树、西康玉兰等野生植物分布的海拔、坡向、坡位、坡度、土壤和群落类型、群落高、群落盖度、郁闭度,分析这些野生植物的生境条件及群落结构,为研究区生物多样性保护提供参考性依据。

Wild plant refers to the plants that grow naturally in the original place.It is an important natural resource and environmental element,and an important part of the ecosystem.It plays an important role in maintaining the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere,regulating the climate,conserving soil and water,preventing wind and fixing sand,maintaining ecological balance,developing economy and providing various materials for human beings.Yunnan,known as the"Kingdom of plants",is the province with the largest number of plant species in China.There are not only tropical,subtropical,temperate and cold temperate plant species,but also many ancient,derived and endemic species.Among the nearly 30000 species of higher plants in China,there are 18000 species in Yunnan.The study of plant habitat and community has practical significance for biodiversity protection.This paper investigated the altitude,aspect,position,slope,soil and community type,community height,community coverage,canopy density of Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl.,Ailanthus altissima,Taxus himalayana,Taxus chinensis,Trachycarpus nana Becc.,Ilex grandiflora,Magnolia grandiflora,and analyzed the ecological conditions and community structure of these wild plants,so as to provide reference for biodiversity protection in the study area.