不同的淀粉类型对生长猪饲粮有效能和营养物质消化率的影响

Effects of Different Starch Types on Available Energy and Nutrient Digestibility in Growing Pigs

本试验旨在探究不同的淀粉类型对生长猪饲粮消化能、代谢能、能量和营养物质消化率的影响。试验选用玉米、红薯干粉和豌豆粉为原料,分别属于谷物类淀粉、薯类淀粉和豆类淀粉。试验采用完全随机试验设计,选取初始体重为(35.38±1.36)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交去势公猪18头,随机分为3组,分别饲喂玉米饲粮、红薯干粉饲粮和豌豆粉饲粮。试验期19 d,其中7 d为消化代谢笼适应期,7 d为试验饲粮适应期,5 d为粪尿收集期。结果表明:玉米(54.39%)和红薯干粉(49.24%)中支链淀粉含量较高,而豌豆粉中直链淀粉(30.57%)和抗性淀粉(9.38%)含量较高。红薯干粉饲粮的粗蛋白质表观全肠道消化率显著低于玉米饲粮和豌豆粉饲粮(P<0.05),豌豆粉饲粮的粗脂肪表观全肠道消化率显著低于玉米饲粮和红薯干粉饲粮(P<0.05),而玉米饲粮的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观全肠道消化率显著低于红薯干粉饲粮和豌豆粉饲粮(P<0.05)。玉米饲粮的代谢能和总能的比值高于红薯干粉饲粮和豌豆粉饲粮(P<0.05)。另外,玉米的消化能和代谢能以及代谢能与总能或消化能的比值显著高于红薯干粉和豌豆粉(P<0.05)。综上所述,不同的淀粉类型影响饲粮和原料在生长猪体内能量利用效率和营养物质消化率,其中玉米作为典型的谷物类淀粉来源在生长猪上的饲用价值优于红薯干粉和豌豆粉作为代表的薯类淀粉和豆类淀粉,其饲喂价值优劣顺序为玉米>豌豆粉>红薯干粉。

The objective of this study was to explore effects of different starch sources on digestibility energy(DE),metabolizable energy(ME)and nutrient digestibility in diets of growing pigs.Corn,sweet potato flour and pea flour were selected,they belonged to cereal starch,potato starch and bean starch,respectively.A total of 18 DLY boars with body weight of(35.38±1.36)kg were allocated into 3 groups,pigs in groups were fed corn diet,sweet potato flour diet and pea flour diet,respectively.The experiment lasted for 19 d,including 7 d of digestibility and metabolism cage adaptation,7 d of diet adaptation and 5 d of total feces and urine collection.Results showed that amylopectin contents in corn(54.39%)and sweet potato flour(49.24%)were higher,and amylose(30.57%)and resistant starch contents(9.38%)in pea flour were higher.The apparent total intestinal digestibility of crude protein in sweet potato residue flour was significantly lower than that in corn diet and pea flour diet(P<0.05).The apparent total intestinal digestibility of ether extract in pea flour diet was significantly lower than that in corn diet and sweet potato flour diet(P<0.05).The apparent total intestinal digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in corn diet was significantly lower than that in sweet potato flour and pea flour diet(P<0.05).The ratio of metabolizable energy to gross energy in corn diet was greater than that in sweet potato flour diet and pea flour diet(P<0.05).In addition,the digestible energy,metabolizable energy,the ratio of metabolizable energy to gross energy and the ratio of metabolizable energy to digestible energy in corn were significantly greater than those in sweet potato flour and pea flour(P<0.05).In conclusion,different starch types affect the energy efficiency and nutrient digestibility of diets and raw materials in growing pigs.Corn as a typical grain starch source has better feeding value on growing pigs than sweet potato flour and pea flour as potato starch and pea starch.The order of feeding value is corn>pea flour>sweet potato flour.