25-羟基维生素D_(3)与维生素D_(3)共晶对肉鸭生长性能、免疫功能及胫骨发育的影响

Effects of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D_(3) and Vitamin D_(3) Eutectic on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Tibia Development of Meat Ducks

本试验旨在探讨一种新型的维生素D添加剂,即25-羟基维生素D_(3)(25-OH-D_(3))与维生素D_(3)共晶对肉鸭生长性能、免疫功能及胫骨发育的影响。选取360只1日龄健康樱桃谷肉公鸭,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。T1组在基础饲粮中添加69.0μg/kg 25-OH-D_(3)与66.0μg/kg维生素D_(3)物理混合物,T2组在基础饲粮中添加135.0μg/kg 25-OH-D_(3)与维生素D_(3)共晶,T3组在基础饲粮中添加67.5μg/kg 25-OH-D_(3)与维生素D_(3)共晶。试验期35 d,分为1~14日龄和15~35日龄2个阶段。结果表明:1)与T1组相比,T2组肉鸭35日龄体重以及15~35日龄和1~35日龄平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)显著提高(P<0.05),35日龄胸肌肉色亮度值显著增加(P<0.05),35日龄脾脏指数显著降低(P<0.05),14日龄血清Ⅰ型胶原C端肽含量和35日龄血清钙含量显著升高(P<0.05),35日龄胫骨粗灰分含量及胫骨生长板宽度和宽度系数显著增加(P<0.05)。2)与T1组相比,T3组肉鸭1~35日龄ADG和15~35日龄ADFI显著提高(P<0.05),14日龄血液嗜酸细胞百分率和35日龄血液单核细胞计数显著增加(P<0.05),14日龄血清钙和降钙素含量显著降低(P<0.05),14日龄胫骨钙含量以及35日龄胫骨体积和粗灰分含量显著降低(P<0.05),35日龄胫骨生长板厚度、厚度系数、宽度系数和横截面积显著增加(P<0.05)。3)与T2组相比,T3组肉鸭35日龄胸肌剪切力显著提高(P<0.05),14日龄法氏囊指数和35日龄脾脏指数显著提高(P<0.05),14日龄血液中性粒细胞百分率、单核细胞百分率、嗜碱细胞百分率以及单核细胞计数显著升高(P<0.05),14日龄血液淋巴细胞百分率显著降低(P<0.05),14日龄血清降钙素含量和35日龄血清钙和Ⅰ型胶原C端肽含量显著降低(P<0.05),14日龄胫骨粗灰分和磷含量以及35日龄胫骨钙含量显著降低(P<0.05),14日龄胫骨生长板宽度和宽度系数显著增加(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加25-OH-D_(3)与维生素D_(3)共晶对于肉鸭的生长性能、免疫功能及胫骨发育有显著影响,且具有剂量依赖性,表现为饲粮中添加135.0μg/kg 25-OH-D_(3)与维生素D_(3)共晶效果更佳。

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a new type vitamin additive containing 25 hydroxyvitamin D_(3)(25-OH-D_(3))and vitamin D_(3)eutectic on growth performance,immune function and tibial development of meat ducks.A total of 360 one-day-old healthy Cherry Valley male ducks were randomly assigned to 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 20 ducks per replicate.Ducks in T1 group 1were fed a basal diet supplemented with 69.0μg/kg 25-OH-D_(3)and 66.0μg/kg vitamin D_(3)physical mixture,ducks in T2 group 2 were fed a basal diet supplemented with 135.0μg/kg 25-OH-D_(3)and vitamin D_(3)eutectic,and ducks in T3 group 3 were fed a basal diet supplemented with 67.5μg/kg 25-OH-D_(3)and vitamin D_(3)eutectic.The experiment lasted for 35 days,and consisted two phases of 1 to 14 days of age and 15 to 35 days of age.The results showed as follows:1)compared with T1 group,the body weight at 35 days of age and average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)during 15 to 35 days of age and 1 to 35 days of age of meat ducks of T2 group were significantly increased(P<0.05),the breast muscle brightness value at 35 days of age was significantly increased(P<0.05),the spleen index at 35 days of age was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the serum typeⅠC-terminal peptide content at 14 days of age and serum calcium content at 35 days of age were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the tibial ash content and tibial growth plate width and width coefficient were significantly increased(P<0.05).2)Compared with T1 group,the ADG during 1 to 35 days of age and ADFI during 15 to 35 days of age of meat ducks of T3 group were significantly increased(P<0.05),the blood acidophile percentage at 14 days of age and blood monocyte count at 35 days of age were significantly increased(P<0.05),the contents of calcium and calcitonin in serum at 14 days of age were significantly decreased(P<0.05),the tibia calcium content at 14 days of age and tibia volume and ash content at 35 days of age were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the thickness,thickness index,width index and cross-sectional area of tibia growth plate at 35 days of age were significantly increased(P<0.05).3)Compared with T2 group,the breast muscle shear force at 35 days of age of meat ducks of T3 group was significantly increased(P<0.05),the bursa of Fabricius index at 14 days of age and spleen index at 35 days of age were significantly increased(P<0.05),the blood neutrophils percentage,monocyte percentage,basophils percentage and monocyte count at 14 days of age were significantly increased(P<0.05),the blood lymphocyte percentage at 14 days of age was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the serum calcitonin content at 14 days of age and serum calcium and typeⅠC-terminal peptide content at 35 days of age were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the width and width index of tibia growth plate at 14 days of age were significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary 25-OH-D_(3)and vitamin D_(3)eutectic supplementation have significant effects on the growth performance,immune function and tibial development of meat ducks,and has a dose dependence,it is showed that dietary 135.0μg/kg 25-OH-D_(3)and vitamin D_(3)eutectic have better results.