“家园—他乡”之间:明清士人西山诗文的心灵空间

Between the"Homeland"and the"Strange Land":The Soul Space in Xishan Poems of the Scholars in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

在"家园—他乡"的两极空间二元结构中,常存在中性地带。当家园失落了以后,人们会寻找一个"替代空间",来满足自我的"恋地情结"。西山对于明清京师士人来说就是一种具有地方感的"替代空间"。由于临近京师又有南方山水的灵秀,西山虽不是家园但具备慰藉心灵的功能。京师士人在朝市与山林之间,始终涌动着痛苦与逃离、追寻与屈服的矛盾与挣扎,难以找到出处之间的统一。虽然身处帝乡,西山诗文却体现出了与皇权文化不一样的想象空间,其中饱含着士人的家国情怀。

In the bipolar space structure of"homeland-strange land",there are always neutral zones.When the homeland is lost,people will look for an"alternative space"to satisfy their"land complex".Xishan was an"alternative space"with a sense of place for the Ming and Qing dynasties'scholars.Because it is close to the capital and has the beauty of the southern landscape,Xishan is not the homeland,but it has the function of comforting the soul.Between the capital life and the mountains and forests,the capital scholars are always surging with the contradictions and struggles of pain and escape,pursuit and submission,and it is difficult to find the unity between the sources.Although in the imperial hometown,Xishan poems and essays reflect a different imagination from the imperial power culture,which is full of the the scholarly feelings of family and country.