以经为宗:刘勰的建安文学批评略论

Taking Classics as the Doctrines:On Liu Xie'sJian' an Literary Criticism

建安文学以其反映现实、直抒意志的文学风格丰富了我国诗文史的思想内涵,但其文学史地位的确立主要得益于文学批评的流行和繁荣,其中作用突出的首推刘勰。《文心雕龙》全篇中约有半数论及建安文学,受家庭教育的影响和独特生命经历,刘勰将儒家经学思想作为重要的文学批评标准对建安文学予以批评。选取“文以载道”“温柔敦厚”“文质彬彬”三个儒家思想内核细察刘勰对建安文学的批评实践,可以见出对建安文学褒贬兼具的多重评价处处凸显着刘勰“以经为宗”的评价标准。

With its literary style of reflecting reality and expressing the will,Jian'an literature has enriched the ideological connotation of the history of Chinese poetry and literature,but the establishment of its literary status is mainly benefited from the popularity and prosperity of literary criticism,among which Liu Xie plays a prominent role.About half of the whole text of Wen Xin Diao Long focuses on Jian'an literature.Influenced by his unique life experience and family education,Liu Xie criticizes Jian'an literature with Confucian thoughts as an important literary criticism standard.Selecting the three Confucianist core thoughts of"text carries the way","gentle and honest"and"well-bred",we can find that the multiple evaluation of both praise and criticism of Jian'an literature highlights Liu Xie's evaluation standard of"taking classics as the doctrines"everywhere.