刘熙载与柏拉图文艺思想比较——从镜喻到日喻的两种转变切入

Comparison between Liu Xi-zai and Plato’s Literary Ideology--from Two Changes of Mirror Metaphor to Sun Metaphor

刘熙载和柏拉图分别代表了中西方镜喻向日喻的转变所包含的两种不同指向,这两种指向暗合中西方不同的思维特征,并导致二人在文艺思想上存在截然不同的特质。刘熙载以日喻代替镜喻,从审美意义上突显中国传统心静如明镜、至虚以达情景交融的审美思维特征;而柏拉图以洞喻为桥梁,沟通基于摹仿论的镜喻和基于理式论的日喻,从认识论和价值论意义上突显西方究极理性以构建知识体系的思维特征。但在刘熙载注重“心学”以及柏拉图引入洞喻侧重灵魂之观上,二人在心灵和艺术层面最终又存在某种惊人的相通一致性。二人文艺思想存在的优越性与缺陷性,或许可以通过将它们互补“拼接”,以呼应生命因审美和知识的完满,而拥有切实的生存论意义和存在性基础。

Liu Xi-zai and Plato respectively represent the two different orientations involved in the transformation from mirror metaphor to sun metaphor in China and Western.These two different orientations involved alludes to the different thinking characteristics between China and Western,lead to the separation between of them.Liu Xi-zai replaces mirror metaphor with sun metaphor,from the aesthetic point of view,it highlights the characteristics of Chinese aesthetic thinking,which stressed the mind is as quiet as a mirror,and emptiness to the extreme is for mixed with emotion and scene.Plato uses the cave metaphor as the bridge to communicate the mirror metaphor which is based on imitation theory and the sun metaphor which is based on Idea theory,for highlighting the characteristics of Western thinking from epistemology and aetiology,which pursues extreme rationality to construct knowledge system.However,on Liu Xi-zai’s emphasis on“the philosophy of the mind”and Plato’s introduction of cave metaphor to focus on soul insight,eventually leads to amazing communion between the two people at the mind and artistic levels.The advantages and defects of the two people’s literary ideology may be“spliced”by complementing them,in order to echo the life,because of the completion of the aesthetic and the knowledge,and has the real meaning of existence and the existence of the foundation.