群龙无首 各乘其时--从东方谋略思想看战略管理方法论的挑战,兼评Reuer、Leiblein和Li(2020)

A Group without a Leader,Each in Its Proper Time:The Methodology Challenge in the Field of Strategic Management from Oriental Strategy Perspective,and Comments on Reuer,Leiblein and Li(2020)

Reuer等(2020)指出战略管理领域的理论呈现多元化、碎片化的状态,呼吁通过四大经典问题进行整合。本文论辩东方谋略思想与西方战略四大经典问题有不同的兴趣点,战略学科的碎片化其实有利于东西方不同战略哲学的对话与交流;通过多元方法论的装备,中国学者可以复兴东方谋略思想。因果识别是战略管理方法论上的一个重要演进趋势,但是以统计模型为主导的因果推断与追求整体论的东方谋略思想有很大的差异,遮盖了战略现象的丰富性。从东方谋略立场出发,本文评价了战略领域因果识别的实验、准实验及现场试验研究方法,以及能够解决复杂因果关系的定性比较分析方法。此外,随着大数据和人工智能的兴起,运筹学、计算语言学及生物信息学等领域已经开始放弃因果识别的分析方法,转向预测的方法,面对这样的挑战,中国战略管理学者应该更新方法论的装备,体现东方谋略所强调的竞争动态性、不确定性以及格局观,从而为全球战略管理学科的发展做出卓越的贡献。

Reuer,Leiblein,and Li(2020)argue that the theory in the field of strategic management is diversified and fragmented,and they call for further integration through the canonical problems in the field.We argue that the thought of oriental strategy has different interests from these canonical issues of western strategy,and the fragmentation of strategy disciplines is conducive to the dialogue and exchange of different strategic philosophies between East and West.Through the equipment of methodology,Chinese scholars could revive the oriental strategy thought.Causal recognition is an important evolution trend in the methodology of strategic management,but there is a huge difference between causal inference,which is dominated by statistical models,and the oriental strategy thought that pursues a holistic view,since causal inference could obscure the richness of strategic phenomena.Based on the oriental strategy thought,this paper evaluates the experiments,quasi-experiments and field-based experiments research methods of causal recognition in strategic management areas,and the qualitative comparative analysis methods that could solve the problem of complex causality.Also,with the rise of big data and artificial intelligence,operational research,computational linguistics and bio-information and other fields have begun to abandon the causal identification method,change to the prediction method.In the face of such challenges,Chinese strategic management scholars should update their methodology equipment,reflect the oriental strategy that emphasizes competitive dynamics,uncertainty,and the holistic view,to make outstanding contributions to the global development of strategic management discipline.