波里比阿著史的立场二重性问题

The Duality of Polybius’Standpoint as a Historian

结合时代背景来看,波里比阿《历史》的写作立场具有鲜明的二重性。一方面,波里比阿认识到罗马统治世界的必然性和合理性,认为罗马人在政治、军事等各方面足够优秀,希腊人应当接受罗马的统治,并且开始从帝国长远发展的角度为罗马社会中的问题反思谏言。另一方面,他保持着对亚该亚同盟和希腊文化的热爱,力求探索罗马治下的希腊人如何更好地生存和发展。然而,波里比阿秉持客观、求真的治史原则,以历史学家的心态探究罗马对世界的统治,遂能凭借史家自觉的超然立场使其二重立场在《历史》的写作中达至微妙的平衡。

The position of Greek historian Polybius in his historical writing is characterized by duality.On one side,Polybius recognized the inevitability and the rationality of the Roman rule over the world that he knew.He believed that the Romans were excellent enough in politics,military and other aspects,and the Greeks should accept the rule of Rome.He began to make suggestions for the long-term perspectives of Roman Empire.On the other side,Polybius maintained his love for the Achaean League and Greek culture.He sought to explore how the Greeks under Roman rule could survive and develop better.As a historian,Polybius believed that a historian should always respect and seek truth and objectivity.This position provides a possibility for Polybius to achieve a delicate balance in handling his duality.