帕提亚帝国“希腊化王朝论”商榷

A Critical Discussion of the “Hellenistic Dynasty” Theory for the Parthian Empire

帕提亚王朝在起源背景、政治军事结构、城市建设、官方意识形态、宗教信仰乃至文化发展趋势上与传统“希腊化王朝”都有着本质的不同,并得到古典文献、出土钱币和其他实物史料的充分印证。与国内学界不同,国外希腊化研究者在论及帕提亚王朝时较为谨慎,都不约而同地意识到该王朝在希腊化世界的“异质性”,及其“隔断”希腊—巴克特里亚和印度—希腊王国与东地中海希腊化世界政治文化联系造成的深远影响,并未将其列入“希腊化王朝”、“希腊化国家”之列。实际上,正是帕提亚王朝的崛起掀开了希腊化时代东方民族在政治、军事、文化上全面复兴的序幕。因此,对于由东方民族建立的帕提亚王朝,“希腊化”的研究视角难免失之于偏颇,无法客观地反映该王朝在文化起源、主流特征和发展趋势方面鲜明的非希腊特征。

The Parthian dynasty is fundamentally different from the traditional"Hellenistic dynasty"in terms of its origin,political and military structure,urban construction,official ideology,religious beliefs,and cultural development trends,which has been fully confirmed by classical documents,unearthed coins,and other physical historical materials.In fact,when dealing with the Parthian dynasty,foreign Hellenistic researchers are more cautious.They are aware of the"heterogeneity"of the Parthian dynasty in the Hellenistic world and its interruption to the political and cultural connection between the Greco-Bactrian/Indo-Greek kingdoms and the Hellenistic world nearby the Eastern Mediterranean.Thus,they debar the Parthia from the"Hellenistic dynasty".In fact,it was the rise of the Parthian dynasty that opened the prelude to the political,military,and cultural revival of the Eastern nations in the Hellenistic era.Therefore,for countries such as the Parthian dynasty established by eastern peoples,the"Hellenistic"research perspective is inevitably biased,and cannot objectively and correctly reflect the cultural origin,non-Greek characteristics,and extraordinary development trends of the Parthian Empire.