沬司徒疑簋与卫国封建的再讨论——兼说西周诸侯身份的双重性

A Re-discussion of Mei Si-tu Yi Gui Concerning the Enfeoffment of State Wei and the Dual Identity of theVassals in the Era of the Western Zhou

沬司徒疑簋对揭示卫国封建的进程及西周封建制下的诸侯性质具有重要意义,但对其释读仍有争议。本文认为,“来伐”指王去征伐武庚、“卫”指在今河南鹤壁的一处城邑、沬司徒疑为周王臣属而非康叔之臣。铭文记载了成王伐武庚时康叔受命进行的一次重要军事行动,虽与封卫无涉,但也提供了康叔封康的重要信息。卫国封建经由康叔封康、康叔封卫及卫顷侯徙卫三个阶段方完成,是西周诸侯由“王之斥候”到一国之君的封建历程具体体现,更反映了西周封建制下诸侯兼具一国之君和天子之臣的双重身份。

The Mei Si-tu Yi Gui(沬司徒疑簋)is a major item for the study of the State Wei enfeoffment and the nature of the vassals within the system of Western Zhou.Partially as a response to the earlier interpretations regarding to the inscription on this item,this paper argues that the word lai-fa(来伐)refers to the king's conquest of Wugeng(武庚),Wei(卫)refers to a town in present Hebi(鹤壁)of the Henan province,and Mei Si-tu might be a subject of the King rather than a subject of Kang Shu(康叔).The inscriptions revealed a clue of an important military action taken by Kang Shu under the instruction of the King against Wugeng,which is related to the confering of the land of Kang to Kang Shu,which is one of the three main stages in the formation of State Wei.Furthermore,this stage revealed by the inscription reflects the dual identity of the vassals as the heads of individual states and the subjects of the king.