释清华简《筮法》中的“灶”祀

On the Sacrifice for the Spirit of Zao(Hearth)in the Shi fa(Method of Divination)Chapter

清华简《筮法》的《祟》节记载各类名目的祟主,其中"五祀"一类的室中、门、行、户四者已被整理者释出,惟有"灶"祀尚未发现,这与《筮法》通篇理论的系统性特征很不相符。根据新出清华简《八气五味五祀五行之属》等材料所记的"■(灶)"字,《祟》节中旧被释为"热"的"■"字,其构形应被分析为从宀、火,告声,当改隶作"■",所记录的内容就是"灶"祀。通过总结《筮法》和《八气》所记五行、四方与四正之卦相配的关系,可以看出《祟》节"五祀"所出现的卦位均不在其应配的位置上,这应该就是将其称之为"祟"的重要原因。

The Sui(evil spirit) section in the Shi fa(Method of Divination) chapter on the Tsinghua bamboo slips recorded various kinds of sui zhu(host of evil spirit). Among the five sacrifices, the four kinds of sacrifices related to shizhong(center of room), men(door), xing(road), hu(gate) have been deciphered, but only sacrifice for the spirit of zao(oven) has not been found yet, which is inconsistent with the systematic characteristics of the chapter. According to the character "■" found in the newly published Baqi wuwei wusi wuxing zhi shu(Attribution of the Eight Qi [material force], Five Flavors, Five Sacrifices and Five Elements) chapter on the Tsinghua bamboo slips, the character "■", which was deciphered as "热"(hot) in the Sui section, is the same as "■" according to its configuration. Actually it refers to the sacrifice for the spirit of zao(oven). By summarizing the relationship between the five elements, the four directions, and the four hexagrams recorded in the Shifa and Baqi chapters, it can be seen that none of the hexagrams of the five sacrifices appear in their proper positions and this should be an important reason for calling it sui(evil spirit).