优秀男子蹦床运动员的躯干、膝、踝关节等速肌力特征及静态平衡能力研究

Study on the Characteristics of Trunk,Knee and Ankle Joints Muscle Strength and Static Balance Ability in Elite Male Trampoline Athletes

目的:本研究通过对山西省优秀男子蹦床运动员不同角速度躯干(60°/s及180°/s)、膝关节(60°/s及300°/s)及踝关节(30°/s及180°/s)肌肉力量和静态平衡能力进行测试,分析山西省优秀男子蹦床运动员的肌力及静态平衡能力特征。方法:采用CYBEX-Norm 770等速测力仪,对山西省8名优秀男子蹦床运动员不同角速度躯干、膝关节及踝关节屈伸肌群等速肌力相关指标进行测试;采用Tetrax平衡及稳定性测试系统(以色列,Tetrax)测量蹦床运动员的静态平衡能力。结果:1)山西省优秀男子蹦床运动员躯干、膝关节及踝关节PT及PT/BW均随着测试速度的增加而逐渐下降;且左右膝、踝关节EPT及EPT/BW均显著高于相同角速度下FPT及FPT/BW;而躯干EPT及EPT/BW与FPT及FPT/BW比较均无显著差异。2)低速运动下,山西省优秀男子蹦床运动员躯干及膝关节均存在F/E失衡、踝关节高速运动下存在F/E失衡。3)山西省优秀男子蹦床运动员膝关节左、右两侧伸肌BFD,踝关节(左、右)屈、伸肌BFD均存在不均衡现象。(4)山西省优秀男子蹦床运动员NC(闭眼站在固体表面上)与NO(睁眼站在固体表面上)比较2种姿势对体重分布及ST(稳定性)均没有显著差异(P均>0.05);运动员PC(闭眼站在脚垫上)与PO(睁眼站在脚垫上)比较2种姿势体重分布没有显著差异(P均>0.05),而PC姿势稳定性显著低于运动员PO姿势稳定性(P<0.05)。结论:山西省优秀男子蹦床运动员应加强躯干伸肌、膝关节屈肌及踝背屈肌的力量均衡性练习,并且需要加强前庭感觉调控身体姿势稳定性的能力。

Objectives:The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of muscle strength and static balance ability of Shanxi elite male trampoline athlete by measuring the trunk(60°/s and 180°/s),knee(60°/s and 300°/s),ankle(30°/s and 180°/s)flexion and extension muscle strength in different angular velocities and static balance ability.Methods:Related indicators of trunk,knee and ankle flexor and extensor isokinetic muscle strength in different angular velocities of Shanxi excellent male trampoline athletes are measured by using Cybex-Norm 700 isokinetic test system and static balance parameters are measured by Tetrax(Israel)usingbalance and stability test system.Results:1)The PT and PT/BW of the trunk,knee and ankle flexor and extensor of Shanxi elite male trampoline athletes show a downward trend with the increase of test speed.Moreover,EPT and EPT/BW of left and right knee and ankle joints are significantly higher than those of FPT and FPT/BW at the same angular velocity;however,trunk EPT and EPT/BW show no significant difference when compared with FPT and FPT/BW.2)The ratio of F/E is unbalanced of trunk,knee joints at low speed motion and ankle joint at high speed motion.3)The BFD of both knees extensor and both ankles flexor and extensor are imbalance in Shanxi elite male trampoline athletes.4)There is no significant difference in weight distribution and ST(stability)between in NC position(standing on solid surface with eyes closed)and in NO position(standing on solid surface with eyes open)(P>0.05).There are no significant difference in weight distribution between PC position(standing on pad with eyes closed)and PO position(standing on pad with eyes open)(P>0.05);while ST value in PC position is significant lower than that of in PO position(P<0.05).Conclusion:elite male trampoline athletes in Shanxi Province should strengthen the strength balance exercise of trunk extensor,knee flexor and ankle dorsum flexor,and strengthen the ability of vestibular sensation to control the body posture stability.