四川6个地方猪种三元杂种猪及川藏黑猪性能研究

Study on the Performance of Three-way Crossbred Pigs of 6 Local Pig Breeds of Sichuan Province and Chuanzang Black Pigs

为了研究四川地方猪种的杂交效果,试验以6个地方猪种(成华猪、雅南猪、青峪猪、内江猪、丫杈猪和凉山猪)作为母本,巴克夏猪、杜洛克猪分别作为第一父本和终端父本进行杂交,并以川藏黑猪为参照,测定了7个组合杂种猪的肥育、胴体、肉质常规理化性能、滋味物质和挥发性风味物质。结果表明,90 kg和100 kg两个体重阶段,杜巴丫日增重、瘦肉率最高,料重比最低,杜巴凉屠宰率最高,杜巴雅眼肌面积最大;川藏黑猪、杜巴青与杜巴丫肌纤维较细,肌内脂肪含量更丰富,肉质风味更优;地方猪三元杂交组合中杜巴丫综合性能最好。与90 kg体重相比,100 kg体重三元杂种猪的日增重、肌内脂肪含量有明显提高,瘦肉率有所降低但基本差异不显著,料重比及其它肉质指标差异也不显著。推荐川藏黑猪及四川6个地方猪种采用杜巴本三元杂交方式生产商品猪时以100 kg体重出栏为宜。

Experiments of crossbreeding were carried out to investigate the crossbreeding effect of local pig breeds of Sichuan Province.In which,6 local pig breeds(Chenghua pig,Ya'nan pig,Qingyu pig,Neijiang pig,Yacha pig and Liangshan pig)were used as female parents,while Berkshire pigs and Duroc pigs as the first male parent and terminal male parent respectively.Take Chuanzang black pigs as a reference,the fattening performance,carcass performance and meat quality of these 7 crossbred pigs were determined.The results showed that the Duroc×Berkshire×Yacha pigs have the highest average daily gain(ADG),feed conversion rate,and lean meat percentage,the Duroc×Berkshire×Liangshan pigs have the highest slaughter rate,while the Duroc×Berkshire×Ya'nan pigs have the biggest eye muscle area,at the weights of 90 kg and 100 kg.Chuanzang black pigs,Duroc×Berkshire×Qingyu pigs and Duroc×Berkshire×Yacha pigs had smaller muscle fiber area,IMF content and meat flavor than other crossbred pigs.And the comprehensive performance of Duroc×Berkshire×Yacha pigs was the best.Compared with 90 kg,the ADG and IMF content of three-way crossbred pigs of 100 kg improved obviously,of which the lean meat percentage reduced a little indistinctively.And no obviously differences were found at the feed conversion rate,routine physicochemical properties of meat quality,flavor substances and volatile flavor compounds.Also,it is recommended that the Chuanzang black pigs and the finishing pigs crossed by 6 local pigs of Sichuan Province,Berkshire pigs and Duroc pigs should be slaughtered at 100 kg.