突发公共卫生事件中网络谣言的治理困境——以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控为表述对象

Empirical Research on the Dilemma of Network Rumor Governance in Public Health Emergencies

针对突发公共卫生事件中各种不实信息和网络谣言在网络空间传播的情况,课题组通过抽取近千位不同年龄段民众作为调查对象,采用网上调查问卷、文献调查、采访笔录、案例分析等方法,以新冠疫情为表述对象,探究突发公共卫生事件中网络谣言的特殊危害及网络谣言治理过程中存在的困境。调查结果显示:在疫情期间,新媒体时代下网络谣言的传播范围明显拓宽,谣言对社会产生了较为复杂的危害,对公众的精神健康、物质财富以及社会稳定等各层面都造成了较为严重的消极影响,有些谣言甚至妨害了防疫工作的进行。与此同时,网络谣言治理也面临着诸多困境:网络平台缺乏对谣言的鉴别、追踪、辟谣机制,网民缺乏自觉的法律、理性意识,治理谣言的法律法规需进一步完善。

To explore the dissemination situation of all kinds of false information and network rumors in cyberspace in the public health emergencies,the research group selected nearly 1,000 people of different ages as the respondents.Online questionnaire,literature survey,interview record,case analysis and so on were used,to explore the special harm of network rumors in public health emergencies and the difficulties in the process of network rumor management during COVID-19.The results of the investigation show that during the epidemic,the spread scope of online rumors in the new media era has been obviously broadened,rumors have produced more complex harm to the society,which have caused more serious negative effects on the public's mental health,material wealth and social stability.Some rumors have even hindered the epidemic prevention work.Furthermore,there are many difficulties in the governance of online rumors,for example,the online platforms lack mechanisms to identify,trace and refute rumors,the netizens lack conscious legal and rational consciousness,and the laws and regulations governing rumors need to be further improved.