清代打牲乌拉采参问题研究

On Ginseng Production in Dashengwula of Qing Dynasty

东北人参生产在后金及清代的地位十分重要,为加强对人参资源的垄断,清廷制定了多种参务管理制度。打牲乌拉采参是清初官采人参的重要组成部分,其拥有一支专业采参队伍,收获仅供皇室所需,也是清代唯一专门从事采参的生产组织,垄断特征明显。由于人参资源日益枯竭,政府获取人参渠道的增加以及内务府人参库存的积压,乾隆十五年(1750),打牲乌拉结束了其采参使命。

Northeast ginseng production had a very important status in the later Jin Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.In order to strengthen the monopoly of ginseng resources,Qing government formulated a variety of ginseng management systems.Dashengwula ginseng collecting is an important part of official ginseng picking in the early Qing Dynasty.It has a professional ginseng collecting team,and the harvest is only supplied by the royal family.Due to the depletion of ginseng resources,the increase of government access to ginseng resources,and the overstocking of ginseng inventory in the interior government,Dashengwula ended its mission of collecting ginseng in the 15th year of Qianlong.