恩格斯的城乡理论对空想社会主义的继承与超越

Inheritance and Transcendence of Engels’Urban and Rural Theory to Utopian Socialism

空想社会主义思想中的城乡理论为恩格斯城乡观的发展与成熟提供了重要的思想资源。为解决资本主义社会中的城乡发展不平衡问题,空想社会主义者圣西门、傅立叶、欧文分别从发展农业资本主义、构建和谐社会以及建立农业新村方面提出相应构想。恩格斯对三大社会主义空想者给予了高度评价。19世纪40年代,基于历史唯物主义,恩格斯在城乡分离、对立与融合的历史叙事中完成了对空想社会主义的初步超越。19世纪60年代以后,基于马克思政治经济学批判的历史科学,恩格斯科学阐述了城乡融合发展的主客体历史必然性,从而实现了对空想社会主义城乡理论的科学改造与彻底超越。

The utopian socialism urban-rural theory provided the important thought resources for the development and mature of Engels’urban and rural theory.In order to solve the unbalanced development between urban and rural areas in capitalist society,utopian socialists Saint-Simon,Fourier and Owen put forward corresponding ideas from the development of agricultural capitalism,the construction of harmonious society and the establishment of new agricultural villages.In the 1840s,Engels completed the preliminary transcendence of utopian socialism in the historical narrative of urban-rural separation,opposition and integration.After 1860s,Engels completely surpassed the utopian socialistm urban-rural theory in the historical inevitability narration of urban and rural integration development.