牙本质和牙骨质的仿生修复与再生

Biomimetic restoration and regeneration of dentin and cementum

牙体硬组织缺乏完善的自我修复的能力。在牙本质和牙骨质中,羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)可同时存在于胶原纤维内外。如何在胶原纤维存在的情况下,修复或再生出具有高度有序的定向排列的HA是牙本质和牙骨质修复和再生的难点。目前牙本质和牙骨质的仿生矿化主要从模仿其生物形成过程和其生理结构两个方面来进行,分为源于纤维矿化机制的仿生矿化体系和以HA为主要成分的仿生矿化体系。应用的材料有脱矿牙本质(demineralized dentin matrix,DDM)、煅烧牛骨羟基磷灰石(bovine hydroxyapatite,BHA)等天然材料和聚合物诱导液体前体(polymer-induced liquid precursor,PILP)、合成HA等合成材料。未来应通过将天然材料与合成材料相结合,应用再矿化溶液-HA释放磷酸钙离子仿生矿化的方式来促进牙本质和牙骨质的修复与再生。

Dental hard tissues lack the ability to self⁃heal.In dentin and cementum,hydroxyapatite(HA)can exist outside and/or inside collagen fibers.It is difficult to repair or regenerate HA with a highly ordered orientation in the presence of collagen fibers.At present,the biomimetic mineralization of dentin and cementum,mainly carried out by im⁃itating its biological formation process and its physiological structure,can be divided into those originating from the fi⁃ber mineralization mechanism and those with HA as the main component.The materials used include natural materials such as demineralized dentin matrix(DDM)and calcined bovine hydroxyapatite(BHA),and synthetic materials such as polymer⁃induced liquid precursor(PILP)and synthetic HA.In the future,natural materials and synthetic materials should be combined for the restoration and regeneration of dentin and cementum by means of biomimetic mineralization of calcium phosphate released by remineralization solution⁃HA.