施肥对贺兰山东麓滴灌条件下‘赤霞珠’葡萄产量和品质的影响

Effect of Fertilization on Yield and Quality of‘Cabernet Sauvignon’Grape Under Drip Irrigation at the East Foot of Helan Mountain

为探究不同施肥量对滴灌条件下酿酒葡萄产量和品质的影响,以6年生酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’为供试材料,在宁夏吴忠市红寺堡区开展田间试验。试验设置不施肥(0 kg·hm^(-2),CK)、低肥(450 kg·hm^(-2),F1)、中肥(840 kg·hm^(-2),F2)和高肥(1050 kg·hm^(-2),F3)4个施肥水平,研究不同施肥量对酿酒葡萄生长发育、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,施肥能显著促进酿酒葡萄生长发育,提高光合特性、果实外观以及营养物质含量。F2处理显著促进了新梢生长。施肥能显著促进叶片叶绿素相对含量的增加,但对植被差异指数影响不显著。施肥能促进果实纵径的生长,但对果实横径生长影响不显著。各处理的果形指数处于0.94~1.12之间,施肥处理对葡萄果实颜色指数的影响均达到极显著水平。F2处理的果实产量最高,其可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量也均最高,分别为23.16%和19.22%,F3处理的可滴定酸含量最高,为0.78%。各施肥处理中,糖酸比变化范围为26.54~31.73,F2处理最大,为31.73。酿酒葡萄的花色苷含量、总酚含量及Vc含量均随施肥量的增加表现为先增大后减小的趋势,均于F2处理达到最大,分别为1.26、69.22和8.65 mg·g^(-1)。可见,840 kg·hm^(-2)施肥处理的葡萄植株生长、叶片光合效率和葡萄产量均最高,该施肥处理还可提高葡萄的含糖量和Vc含量,降低果实可滴定酸含量,有利于糖酸比的提高,葡萄品质最佳。研究结果可为葡萄生产提供科学和技术支持。

In order to explore the effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield and quality of wine grapes under drip irrigation,a 6-year-old wine grape‘Cabernet Sauvignon’was used as test material,and a field test was carried out in Hongsibao District,Wuzhong,Ningxia.Four fertilization treatments with no fertilization(0 kg·hm^(-2),CK),low fertilization(450 kg·hm^(-2),F1),medium fertilization(840 kg·hm^(-2),F2),and high fertilization(1050 kg·hm^(-2),F3)were carried out.The effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth,development,yield and quality of wine grapes were investigated.The results showed that fertilization could significantly promote the growth and development,photosynthetic characteristics,fruit appearance and nutrient content of wine grapes.F2 treatment significantly promoted the new shoot growth.The amount of fertilization could significantly increase chlorophyll relative content(SPAD),while it did not affect the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)significantly.Fertilization treatments could promote the growth of the fruit’s vertical diameter,but it had no significant effect on the fruit’s horizontal diameter.The fruit shape index of each treatment ranged from 0.94 to 1.12,and fertilization had an extremely significant effect on color index of grape(CIRG)of fruit.Soluble solids and soluble sugars were the highest in F2 treatment(23.16%and 19.22%,respectively),and titratable acids content was the highest in F3 treatment(0.78%).Under each fertilization treatment,the sugar-acid ratio varied from 26.54 to 31.73,and the maximum sugar-acid ratio in F2 treatment was 31.73.The content of anthocyanins,total phenols and Vc in wine grapes showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of fertilizer application amount,and reached the maximum when fertilizer application amount reached 840 kg·hm^(-2),which were 1.26,69.22 and 8.65 mg·g^(-1),respectively.Under the conditions of this test,grape plant growth,photosynthetic efficiency and grape yield under F2 treatment were the highest,which could also significantly increase grape sugar content,reduce fruit titratable acid content,and increase fruit Vc content,conducive to increasing sugar-acid ratio and best fruit quality.The present research provided scientific and technique reference for grape production.