城市公交车内儿童乘员头部损伤的有限元分析

Finite Element Analysis on Head Injury of Child Occupants in City Bus

基于已验证的具有详细解剖学结构的头部模型和儿童假人身体有限元模型,构建了具有高计算效率的6岁儿童混合人体有限元模型,结合构建的城市公交车整车有限元模型,选取儿童乘坐公交车时的4个典型位置,对公交车紧急制动和正面碰撞工况下的儿童头部损伤进行了仿真。结果表明,公交车正常行驶紧急制动时头部不会损伤,但在有交通事故发生碰撞时可能会出现头部损伤,给出了容易发生碰撞损伤的乘坐位置,并对头部碰撞损伤的特点进行了分析,为公交车内儿童乘员的安全防护提供理论支撑。

Based on the validated head model with detailed anatomical structure and the finite element model of child dummy body,a 6-year-old hybrid finite element human model with high computational efficiency is constructed,which is then combined with the finite element model of city bus to conduct a simulations on the head injury of children under emergency braking and frontal crash conditions with four typical seat positions the children commonly choose.The results show that under normal driving condition of city bus,the emergency braking will not cause the head injury of children.However,it may occur in the case of crash accident.Finally,the seat positions prone to head injury for children are given,and the features of head impact injury are analyzed,providing theoretical support for the safety protection of child occupants in city bus.