中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网在呼吸道中的作用研究进展

Research Advances in Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Respiratory Tract

中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(NETs)是近年新发现的一种抵抗病原微生物的独特方式,已成为机体先天免疫的重要组成部分。呼吸道炎症疾病与NETs的形成密切相关。一方面,NETs可迅速移行至炎症部位,吞噬并杀灭病原体,在防御细菌、真菌及病毒方面发挥重要作用;另一方面,NETs广泛、失衡的过度激活可能促进呼吸道组织损伤和自身免疫,诱发多种呼吸道疾病。通过NETs的形成、结构及标志物、NETs在呼吸道的双向作用认识NETs与呼吸道的关系,对寻找NETs形成与过度激活之间的平衡点具有重要意义。

Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)are a newly discovered way to resist pathogenic microorganisms in recent years,which is an important part of innate immunity.Inflammatory diseases of respiratory tract are closely related to the formation of NETs.On the one hand,NETs can rapidly migrate to inflammatory sites,phagocytize and kill pathogens,and play an important role in defense of bacteria,fungi and viruses;on the other hand,extensive and unbalanced over-activation of NETs may promote respiratory tissue injury and autoimmunity,and induce a variety of respiratory diseases.Understanding the relationship between NETs and respiratory tract through the formation,structure and markers of NETs and the two-way role of NETs in respiratory tract is of great significance to find the balance between the formation and over-activation of NETs.