蜂群的雄蜂培育规律及其对蜂群影响研究初探

Preliminary Study on the Breeding Law of Drones in Bee Colony and Its Influence on Bee Colony

雄蜂是三型蜂的重要组成部分,在蜂群中承担着与处女王交配繁殖后代等重要作用。为研究蜂群培育雄蜂的规律,探明养蜂实践中限制雄蜂数量是否对蜂群发展产生影响,设置试验组(割除雄蜂蛹)与对照组试验蜂群,观察蜂群培育雄蜂情况及其对蜂群的影响。结果表明:蜂群中培育雄蜂不随人为干预而改变,人为限制雄蜂发展会导致蜂群接受外来雄蜂,人为增加雄蜂数后蜂群会弃养多余的雄蜂。雄蜂数量及其精液量具有明显的时间动态变化特征,群势强和饲料储存较多的蜂群,培育雄蜂的时间更早;蜂群4月下旬开始培育雄蜂,6月中上旬至7月中下旬和8月下旬雄蜂数较多,9月10日左右群内无雄蜂;6月10日至7月20曰雄蜂的精液量最多,8月10曰至8月30日雄蜂精液量则较少。限制雄蜂的发展对蜂群增殖速度、饲料消耗量均无明显影响,对照组椴树蜜产量略高于试验组,但未见统计学差异。

Drone is an important part of the three types of bees,which plays an important role in mating with Queen and breeding.In order to study the law of breeding drones in bee colony and find out whether limiting the number of drones has an impact on the development of bee colony in beekeeping practice,the experimental group(cutting off the pupae of drones)and the control group were set up to observe the situation of breeding drones in bee colony and its impact on bee colony.The results showed that the breeding of drones in the colony did not change with human intervention.The artificial restriction on the development of drones would lead to the colony accepting foreign drones,and the colony would abandon the surplus drones after the artificial increase in the number of drones.The results showed that the number of drones and the amount of their semen had obvious time dynamic characteristics.The time of breeding drones was earlier in the colony with strong population potential and more feed storage;the colony began to cultivate drones in late April,and the number of drones was more from mid early June to mid late July and late August,and there was no drone in the colony about September 10;the amount of semen of drones was the most from June 10 to July 20,and the amount of semen was the most from August 10 to August 30 The liquid volume is less.Limiting the development of drones had no significant effect on the colony proliferation rate and feed consumption.The yield of linden honey in the control group was slightly higher than that in the experimental group,but there was no statistical difference.